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羥基脲

Hydroxyurea

Hydroxycarbamide

抗腫瘤藥物PO狗貓

別名: Hydrea · Droxia · Mylocel · Dacrodil · Droxiurea · Hydrine · Litalir · Medroxyurea · Neodrea · Onco-Carbide · Oxeron · Syrea · Hydroxycarbamide · Hydroxycarbamidum · NSC-32065 · SQ-1089 · WR-83799

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

經審核的 v13 劑量證據

結構化劑量計算證據

Meningioma (extra-label)

50 mg/kgPO

須由已驗證獸醫確認

  • q48-72h

NA

必須一併考量的臨床脈絡 (6)
  • NOTE: Hydroxyurea is not commonly used in veterinary medicine, and published dosage recommendations can vary widely.
  • Because of the potential toxicity of this drug to patients, veterinary personnel, and clients, and because chemotherapy indications, treatment protocols, monitoring, and safety guidelines often change, the following dosages should be used only as a general guide. 9
  • ■ Hydroxyurea is a type of chemotherapy (anticancer). This medicine can be hazardous to other animals and people that come in contact with it. On the day your animal gets the medicine, and then for a few days afterward, handle all bodily waste (ie, urine, feces, litter), blood, or vomit only while wearing disposable gloves.
  • ■ Hydroxyurea can be toxic to the gastrointestinal tract, causing vomiting, diarrhea, ulcers, and stomach upset. Giving the medicine to your animal with food may decrease these side effects.
  • ■ This medication is considered to be a hazardous drug as defined by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Talk with your veterinarian or pharmacist about the use of personal protective equipment when handling this ­medicine.
  • Protect hydroxyurea capsules and tablets from light and store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F-77°F); keep bottle tightly closed.
高風險須由已驗證獸醫確認formulary方案年份 2023審核 dose-audit-plumb-v13

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

​羥基脲 (Hydroxyurea)​ 是一種口服​抗腫瘤​（抗癌）藥物，在獸醫學中主要用於治療骨髓增生性疾病。

主要適應症包括：

  • ​真性紅血球增多症 (Polycythemia vera)​：減少過多的紅血球生成。
  • ​慢性骨髓性白血病 (CML)​：常在病患對白消安 (busulfan) 不再有反應時使用。
  • ​肥大細胞瘤 (Mastocytomas)​。
  • ​心血管分流​：作為右向左分流的開放性動脈導管 (PDA) 或法洛氏四重症的輔助治療，以降低血球容積比並緩解血液過度黏稠。
  • ​貓嗜酸性球增多症候群​及​犬腦膜瘤​的輔助治療。

​臨床提示​：由於這是一種化療藥物，獸醫人員和寵物主人必須嚴格遵守處理預防措施，以防止意外接觸。

作用機轉

Hydroxyurea is an S-phase specific antimetabolite.

  • It specifically inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase → blocks the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides → halts DNA synthesis without significantly interfering with RNA or protein synthesis.
  • Cells are arrested at the G1-S border.
  • It also inhibits urease (though less potently than acetohydroxamic acid) and can stimulate the production of fetal hemoglobin.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Pre-existing severe anemia or bone marrow depression
  • History of urate stones
  • Current severe infection
  • Impaired renal function
  • Patients who have recently received other chemotherapy or radiotherapy
  • Pregnancy (proven teratogen)

不良反應

  • Bone marrow depression (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)
  • GI effects (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)
  • Stomatitis
  • Sloughing of nails
  • Alopecia
  • Dysuria
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Methemoglobinemia (especially in cats at high doses >500 mg)

注意事項

Warning: Hydroxyurea is a known teratogen and can suppress gonadal function (arrest of spermatogenesis noted in dogs). Use only during pregnancy when benefits outweigh risks. Nursing animals should receive milk replacer.

  • Myelotoxicity: If bone marrow depression occurs, halt therapy until values return to normal.
  • Feline Sensitivity: Cats are at higher risk for bone marrow toxicity and methemoglobinemia; monitor closely.

藥物交互作用

Bone marrow depressant drugs (e.g., chloramphenicol, flucytosine, amphotericin B, colchicine, other antineoplastics)

May cause additive myelosuppression when used concurrently with hydroxyurea.

Allopurinol

Hydroxyurea may raise serum uric acid levels; allopurinol may be required to control hyperuricemia.

監測

  • CBC with platelets at least every 1-2 weeks until stable; then every 3 months
  • BUN/Serum Creatinine initially before starting treatment and then every 3-4 months
  • Hematocrit levels (to guide tapering of dose)

藥物動力學

吸收

Well absorbed after oral administration.

分佈

Crosses the blood-brain barrier.

代謝

About 50% of an absorbed dose is metabolized in the liver.

排除

Approximately 50% is excreted unchanged in the urine, and the hepatic metabolites are also excreted in the urine.

過量

Because of the potential toxicity of the drug, overdoses should be treated aggressively with gut emptying protocols employed when possible.

Cats given hydroxyurea in doses greater than 500 mg (total) may develop methemoglobinemia (characterized by cyanosis, respiratory distress, and dark-colored blood). Contact an animal poison control center for further guidance.

可用產品

劑型

  • Oral capsules
  • Oral suspension (compounded)

人用標示

  • Hydroxyurea Oral Capsules: 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg & 500 mg (Hydrea, Droxia, generic)

各地核准狀態

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儲存與穩定性

Capsules should be stored in tight containers at room temperature. Avoid excessive heat. Compounded oral suspension (100 mg/mL in Syrpalta) retains >95% potency for 180 days at 25°C, but must be protected from light. Heating to 41°C results in an immediate 40% loss of drug potency.

飼主須知

​化療藥物處理注意事項​：這是一種抗癌藥物。處理藥物以及清理寵物的尿液、糞便或嘔吐物時，請戴上拋棄式手套。孕婦或備孕中的人士​不應​接觸此藥物。

  • ​給藥方式​：請嚴格按照獸醫的指示給藥。除非有特別指示，否則請勿打開、壓碎或切開膠囊。
  • ​副作用​：注意寵物是否有食慾不振、嘔吐或腹瀉的情況。如果您發現異常出血、瘀傷、嗜睡或感染跡象，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
  • ​指甲變化​：此藥物可能會導致寵物的指甲變脆或脫落。
  • ​貓咪特別注意​：貓對這種藥物非常敏感。請密切注意是否有呼吸困難或牙齦發紺（變藍/棕色）的現象，這些都是需要緊急就醫的狀況。

VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。