伊巴沙星
伊巴沙星 (Ibafloxacin) 是一種獸醫專用的口服**氟喹諾酮類抗生素**，主要在歐洲使用（美國未上市）。它對多種革蘭氏陰性菌和部分革蘭氏陽性菌（如腸桿菌科、葡萄球菌）具有**濃度依賴性的殺菌活性**。 > **臨床要點**：與其他氟喹諾酮類藥物（如恩諾沙星或馬波沙星）不同，它對綠膿桿菌 (Pseudomonas)、鏈球菌 (Streptococcus) 和奇異變形桿菌 (Proteus mirabilis) 的療效較差。 值得注意的是，目前**沒有證據顯示它會引起貓的視網膜毒性**，這是相較於同類某些藥物的一大優勢。
作用機制: Fluoroquinolones exert their bactericidal effect by targeting essential bacterial enzymes involved in DNA replication and transcription. * **Primary Target**: Inhibits **bacterial DNA-gyrase** (topoisomerase II) → prevents DNA supercoiling → halts DNA synthesis. * **Secondary Target**: Inhibits **topoisomerase IV** → interferes with the separation of interlinked replicated DNA molecules. Ibafloxacin is metabolized into two active metabolites (8-hydroxy-ibafloxacin and 7-hydroxy-ibafloxacin), which contribute to its overall antimicrobial efficacy.
各物種劑量
- Susceptible infections (dermal infections: soft tissue infections-wounds, abscesses; upper respiratory tract infections) · 15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · Usually a 10-day course is sufficient. · Give at time of feeding. Reconsider treatment if no improvement after 5 days.
- Susceptible infections (dermal infections: superficial and deep pyoderma, wounds, abscesses) · 15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · Usually a 10-day course is sufficient. In cases of deep pyoderma, reconsider treatment if sufficient improvement not seen in 21 days. · Give at time of feeding. Reconsider treatment if no improvement after 5 days.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Dogs less than 8 months of age
- Giant breed dogs less than 18 months of age
- Cats less than 8 months of age
- Known quinolone hypersensitivity
不良反應
- Diarrhea
- Soft feces
- Vomiting
- Dullness
- Anorexia
- Salivation
- Elevated hepatic enzymes (rare, class effect)
- Ataxia (rare, class effect)
- Seizures (rare, class effect)
- Depression/Lethargy (rare, class effect)
- Nervousness (rare, class effect)
藥物相互作用
- NSAIDs · Should not be used with NSAIDs in dogs with a history of seizures due to increased risk of CNS stimulation.
- Antacids or Supplements (iron, zinc, magnesium, aluminum, calcium) · Cations may bind to ibafloxacin and prevent its gastrointestinal absorption.
- Cyclosporine · Fluoroquinolones may exacerbate the nephrotoxicity of systemic cyclosporine.
- Nitrofurantoin · May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use is not recommended.
- Quinidine · Increased risk for cardiotoxicity.
- Sucralfate · May inhibit absorption of ibafloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
- Theophylline · Ibafloxacin may increase theophylline blood levels.
監測
- Clinical efficacy
- Adverse GI effects (vomiting, hypersalivation, diarrhea, anorexia)
過量
Specific information is limited. It is unlikely an acute overdose would result in signs more serious than anorexia or vomiting. * **Dogs**: Doses of 75 mg/kg/day (5X) were apparently well tolerated. * **Cats**: Doses up to 75 mg/kg/day demonstrated salivation and vomiting. If overdose occurs in cats, ophthalmic monitoring is recommended as a precaution, despite no reported ocular toxicity.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。