伊美匹妥
伊美匹妥（Imepitoin）是一種中樞神經作用抗癲癇藥物，主要用於獸醫學中控制犬隻的原發性癲癇，以及治療噪音恐懼症。與傳統抗癲癇藥物（如苯巴比妥）相比，其肝毒性風險較低，且通常不會顯著誘導肝酵素。 **臨床提示：** 由於其良好的副作用特徵，伊美匹妥常被首選用於患有輕至中度原發性癲癇的犬隻，但對於嚴重或群集性癲癇發作，單一療法可能不足。
作用機制: Imepitoin inhibits seizures via potentiation of the **GABA_A** receptor-mediated inhibitory effects on the neurons. It acts as a low-affinity partial agonist at the benzodiazepine site of the GABA_A receptor → hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane → decreased neuronal excitability. Imepitoin also has a weak **calcium-channel blocking effect**, which may contribute to its anticonvulsive properties.
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Severely impaired hepatic function
- Severe renal disorders
- Severe cardiovascular disorders
- Status epilepticus
- Cluster seizures (as primary monotherapy)
不良反應
- Polyphagia
- Hyperactivity
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Somnolence
- Hypersalivation
- Emesis
- Ataxia
藥物相互作用
- Phenobarbital · May have additive CNS depressant effects · moderate
- Other CNS depressants · Additive sedation and CNS depression · moderate
監測
- Seizure frequency and severity
- Routine blood work (CBC, serum biochemistry) periodically
過量
Overdosage is generally well tolerated up to 5 times the recommended dose. Clinical signs of overdose may include severe **ataxia**, **somnolence**, **salivation**, and **vomiting**. **Clinical Pearl:** Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic, as there is no specific antidote. Due to its rapid elimination, signs usually resolve quickly once the drug is discontinued or metabolized.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。