伊美匹妥
Imepitoin
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-morpholinyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-one
別名: Pexion · AWD 131-138
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Idiopathic epilepsy — reduction of generalised seizure frequency | 10 mg/kg initially, titrated up to max 30 mg/kg | PO | q12h (approx. 12 h apart) | Long-term | 🌍 EU |
| Noise phobia — reduction of anxiety and fear | 30 mg/kg | PO | q12h (approx. 12 h apart) | Start 2 days before the expected noise event and continue through it | 🌍 EU |
- Idiopathic epilepsy — reduction of generalised seizure frequency: If seizures are not adequately reduced after at least 1 week at the current dose, the dose may be increased in 50–100% increments to a maximum of 30 mg/kg q12h. Bioavailability is greater in fasted dogs — keep timing relative to feeding consistent. Not tested in dogs under 2 kg.
- Noise phobia — reduction of anxiety and fear: Efficacy not tested in dogs younger than 12 months. Claim is based on a 3-day course for a fireworks noise event.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
伊美匹妥（Imepitoin）是一種中樞神經作用抗癲癇藥物，主要用於獸醫學中控制犬隻的原發性癲癇，以及治療噪音恐懼症。與傳統抗癲癇藥物（如苯巴比妥）相比，其肝毒性風險較低，且通常不會顯著誘導肝酵素。
臨床提示： 由於其良好的副作用特徵，伊美匹妥常被首選用於患有輕至中度原發性癲癇的犬隻，但對於嚴重或群集性癲癇發作，單一療法可能不足。
作用機轉
Imepitoin inhibits seizures via potentiation of the GABA_A receptor-mediated inhibitory effects on the neurons. It acts as a low-affinity partial agonist at the benzodiazepine site of the GABA_A receptor → hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane → decreased neuronal excitability.
Imepitoin also has a weak calcium-channel blocking effect, which may contribute to its anticonvulsive properties.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Severely impaired hepatic function
- Severe renal disorders
- Severe cardiovascular disorders
- Status epilepticus
- Cluster seizures (as primary monotherapy)
不良反應
- Polyphagia
- Hyperactivity
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Somnolence
- Hypersalivation
- Emesis
- Ataxia
注意事項
Warning: Not recommended as a primary treatment for status epilepticus or cluster seizures.
Sudden withdrawal of antiepileptic therapy may precipitate seizures; taper gradually if discontinuing.
Clinical Pearl: Efficacy may take several days to weeks to fully assess. Monitor patients closely during the transition from other antiepileptic drugs.
藥物交互作用
May have additive CNS depressant effects
Additive sedation and CNS depression
監測
- Seizure frequency and severity
- Routine blood work (CBC, serum biochemistry) periodically
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration.
分佈
Wide distribution, readily crosses the blood-brain barrier.
代謝
Extensively metabolized in the liver.
排除
Primarily excreted via feces/biliary route.
過量
Overdosage is generally well tolerated up to 5 times the recommended dose.
Clinical signs of overdose may include severe ataxia, somnolence, salivation, and vomiting.
Clinical Pearl: Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic, as there is no specific antidote. Due to its rapid elimination, signs usually resolve quickly once the drug is discontinued or metabolized.
可用產品
劑型
- 100 mg oral tablet
- 400 mg oral tablet
獸醫用
- Pexion 100 mg tablets
- Pexion 400 mg tablets
各地核准狀態
Approved in the US specifically for noise aversion in dogs.
Approved for canine idiopathic epilepsy and noise phobia.
POM-V classification.
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store in the original package to protect from moisture. No special temperature storage requirements.
飼主須知
伊美匹妥用於控制犬隻的癲癇發作或處理噪音恐懼症。
- 保持一致性： 每天在固定時間給藥。可與食物一起或空腹服用，但請保持一致的餵食方式。
- 請勿突然停藥： 突然停止使用此藥物可能會引發嚴重的癲癇發作。
- 副作用： 開始服藥時，您可能會注意到狗狗食慾增加、輕微嗜睡或過度活躍。這些症狀通常在狗狗適應藥物後會消失。
- 如果癲癇發作惡化，或您注意到嚴重的運動失調或嘔吐，請聯繫您的獸醫。
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