雙脒苯脲
Imidocarb
Imidocarb dipropionate
別名: Imizol · Imidocarb dipropionate · Imidocarb hydrochloride · 4A65 · Imidocarbum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
6.6 mg/kgIM or SC· repeat dose in 2 weeks
— 🐕
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesiosis | 6.6 mg/kg | IM or SC | repeat dose in 2 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| Babesiosis | 5-6.6 mg/kg | IM or SC | repeat in 14 days | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ehrlichiosis (Severe cases) | 5 mg/kg | SC | single injection or two injections 15 days apart | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hepatozoonosis (H. canis) | 5 mg/kg | IM or SC | every 14 days | until parasitemia clears | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of Babesia canis infection | 6.6 mg/kg | IM/SC | once, repeated in 2-3 weeks | 2 doses total | 🌍 EU |
- Babesiosis: Alternatively, 7.5 mg/kg IM or SC once. A single dose of 6 mg/kg the day following a dose of diminazene at 3.5 mg/kg has also been shown to clear the infection.
- Ehrlichiosis (Severe cases): Given with doxycycline at 10 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Note: Imidocarb alone is not effective in clearing E. canis.
- Hepatozoonosis (H. canis): Usually 1-2 injections are sufficient.
- Treatment of Babesia canis infection: Dose based on imidocarb dipropionate (121.15 mg/ml). Premedication with atropine (0.05 mg/kg) to minimize side effects is highly recommended.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytauxzoon felis | 3-4 mg/kg | IM | repeated 7 days after initial dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Cytauxzoon felis | 5 mg/kg | IM | once and then 14 days later | — | 🌎 NA |
| Feline hemoplasmosis (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M. haemominutum) | 5 mg/kg | IM, SC | every 14 days | until able to maintain a normal PCV | 🌎 NA |
| Feline clinical ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis | 5 mg/kg | IM | every 14 days | for at least 2-4 treatments | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of large babesial species infection | 2.5 mg/kg | IM | once | 1 dose | 🌍 EU |
- Cytauxzoon felis: Efficacy not proven. Cholinergic effects can be mitigated by pre-treating with atropine. Must also give supportive therapy (IV fluids, prophylactic heparin, nutritional/nursing care, analgesia, and potentially transfusion).
- Feline hemoplasmosis (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M. haemominutum): Alternative for cats intolerant of doxycycline.
- Feline clinical ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis: Alternative to doxycycline.
- Treatment of large babesial species infection: Dose based on imidocarb dipropionate. Can improve clinical signs. Alternative agents are preferable for smaller species (e.g., B. felis).
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi; Babesia equi) | 2.2 mg/kg | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi) | 2 mg/kg | IM | once a day | for 2 days | 🌎 NA |
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi) | 4 mg/kg | IM | at 72 hour intervals | for 4 doses | 🌎 NA |
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi; Babesia equi): Will generally allow clinical signs to subside.
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi): To eliminate B. caballi.
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi): B. equi is more difficult to eliminate.
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesiosis | 1.2 mg/kg | IM | repeat in 10-14 days | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
雙脒苯脲 (Imidocarb) 是一種二脒類抗原蟲藥物，主要用於獸醫學中治療蜱媒原蟲感染。
主要臨床應用：
- 巴貝斯蟲症 (Babesiosis)：對犬的犬巴貝斯蟲 (Babesia canis) 以及馬和羊的巴貝斯蟲具有高度療效。
- 焦蟲症 (Cytauxzoonosis)：用於治療貓的貓焦蟲 (Cytauxzoon felis) 感染，通常作為綜合治療方案的一部分。
- 其他用途：有時作為犬艾利希體、犬肝簇蟲和貓血液黴漿菌的替代或輔助治療。
臨床提示：雖然對犬巴貝斯蟲高度有效，但對吉氏巴貝斯蟲 (B. gibsoni) 的療效通常較差。它無法清除美洲肝簇蟲的包囊階段。
作用機轉
Imidocarb acts by directly targeting the nucleic acids of susceptible protozoal organisms.
- It binds to and intercalates with DNA → causing the double helix to unwind and denature.
- This structural damage → inhibits cellular repair and replication → leading to parasite death.
- Mechanistic Note: As a diamidine derivative, it may also interfere with polyamine synthesis and function, further disrupting the parasite's metabolic pathways.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Patients exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs
- Patients exposed to pesticides or certain chemicals
不良反應
- Pain and inflammation at the injection site (rarely ulceration)
- Salivation (drooling)
- Nasal drip/discharge
- Vomiting (usually brief)
- Panting
- Diarrhea
- Restlessness
- Lacrimation and sweating (horses)
- Severe renal tubular or hepatic necrosis (rare)
- Injection site inflammation (mild to severe, potential ulceration)
- Anaphylactoid reactions (reported in cattle)
注意事項
Important Warnings
- Do NOT administer intravenously (IV).
- Premedication: In cats, puppies, and debilitated dogs, pretreatment with an antimuscarinic agent (e.g., atropine or glycopyrrolate) is strongly advised to mitigate cholinergic side effects.
- Organ Dysfunction: Use with caution in patients with impaired lung, hepatic, or renal function; weigh risks versus benefits.
- Species Sensitivities: Donkeys appear to be particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of imidocarb.
- Reproductive Safety: Safety in puppies, pregnant, lactating, or breeding animals has not been established.
藥物交互作用
Cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs (e.g., pyridostigmine)
Increased risk of severe cholinergic toxicity; concurrent use is contraindicated.
Pesticides and chemicals
May exacerbate cholinergic adverse effects and toxicity.
AnticholinesterasesMajor
Increased risk of severe cholinergic toxicity
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of parasitemia and clinical signs)
- Adverse effect profile (cholinergic signs, injection site reactions)
- Creatine kinase (CK) levels (may be significantly increased post-IM injection)
- Liver and kidney function (especially in cases of suspected overdose or pre-existing disease)
- Resolution of clinical signs of babesiosis (fever, anemia, lethargy)
- Blood smears or PCR to confirm parasite clearance
- Injection site for signs of inflammation, necrosis, or ulceration
- Immediate post-injection monitoring for cholinergic crisis
藥物動力學
半衰期
貓Unknown狗Prolonged (exact duration varies)
吸收
No specific information available in the monograph.
分佈
No specific information available in the monograph.
代謝
No specific information available in the monograph.
排除
No specific information available in the monograph.
過量
Acute Toxicity & Overdose Signs:
- Dogs: At 1.5X the labeled dose (9.9 mg/kg), dogs exhibited signs of liver injury (mildly elevated liver enzymes), pain/swelling at the injection site, and vomiting.
- General Overdose/Chronic Toxicity: Presents primarily with severe cholinergic signs (vomiting, weakness, lethargy, excessive salivation) or adverse changes in liver, kidney, lung, or intestinal function.
- Horses: The reported LD-50 is 16 mg/kg.
Treatment:
- Atropine or other antimuscarinics may be highly useful to treat the cholinergic signs associated with imidocarb toxicity.
- Provide symptomatic and supportive care for organ dysfunction.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection (120 mg/mL)
- Injectable solution: 85 mg/ml imidocarb base (equivalent to 121.15 mg/ml imidocarb dipropionate)
獸醫用
- Imidocarb Dipropinate for IM or SC Injection: 120 mg/mL in 10 mL multi-dose vials (Imizol®)
- Imizol 85 mg/ml solution for injection (121.15 mg/ml imidocarb dipropionate)
各地核准狀態
European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐄 Cattle
停藥期: cattle meat 213 days · cattle milk 21 days
Licensed primarily for cattle; used off-label in dogs and cats under the cascade.
United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥 · POM-VVMD
🐄 Cattle
停藥期: cattle meat 213 days · cattle milk 21 days
Licensed primarily for cattle; used off-label in dogs and cats under the cascade.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store between 2°-25°C (36°-77°F) and protect from light.
飼主須知
重要提示：此藥物僅由您的獸醫師透過注射給藥。
- 用途：用於治療嚴重的血液寄生蟲感染（如巴貝斯蟲或焦蟲）。
- 預期反應：注射時可能會感到相當疼痛。注射後不久，您的寵物可能會出現流口水、流鼻水、喘氣或短暫嘔吐。這些是已知且常見的反應，通常會很快消退。
- 注意事項：如果您的寵物最近接觸過任何除蚤/壁蝨藥浴、農藥，或正在服用其他藥物（特別是影響神經系統的藥物），請務必立即告知獸醫師，因為這可能會增加嚴重副作用的風險。
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