重組人類干擾素α
Interferon Alfa, Human Recombinant
Interferon alfa-2a, Interferon alfa-2b, Interferon alfa-n3
別名: Roferon-A · Intron-A · Alferon N · IFN-alpha · interferon-alpha · Ro-22-8181 · Sch-30500 · rIFN-A · IFLrA · a-2-interferon
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
這是依體表面積（mg/m²）計算的劑量；給藥前須先將體重換算為體表面積。
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and severe cases of oral/cutaneous papillomas | 1.5-2 million Units/m2 | SC | 3 times weekly | — | 🌎 NA |
| Immunostimulant for adjunctive treatment of dermatologic conditions (e.g., pododermatitis, papillomas, digital keratomas) | 1000 Units | PO | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
- Immunostimulant for adjunctive treatment of dermatologic conditions (e.g., pododermatitis, papillomas, digital keratomas): Given as 1000 Unit/mL solution
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FeLV infection (Low dose) | 30 Units/cat | PO | daily | 7 days on, 7 days off | 🌎 NA |
| FeLV infection (High dose) | 10,000-1,000,000 Units/kg | SC | once daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| FIV infection | 30 Units/cat | PO | daily | 7 days on, 7 days off | 🌎 NA |
| Chronic FHV-1 infections (Systemic) | 30 Units/cat | PO | daily | 7 days on, 7 days off; repeat cycle | 🌎 NA |
| Chronic FHV-1 infections (Ophthalmic) | 1 drop of 25-50 Units/mL of saline in affected eye(s) | Topical | q4-6h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Acute life-threatening FHV-1 infections in kittens | 10,000 Units/kg | SC | daily | up to 3 weeks | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
人類重組干擾素α是一種細胞激素，主要用於減輕某些病毒性疾病的臨床症狀並作為免疫調節劑。
- 在貓的應用：常以皮下注射或口服/口腔黏膜給藥，用於治療FIV、FeLV或FHV-1等病毒感染。
- 在狗的應用：作為輔助療法治療病毒或免疫抑制相關疾病（如乳突瘤、足部皮膚炎），也曾被評估用於某些腫瘤疾病（如血管肉瘤）。
臨床提示：由於這是人類重組蛋白，貓若長期（3-7週）接受注射，可能會產生中和抗體而導致療效下降。目前臨床上若有條件，通常更傾向使用貓專用干擾素（Feline interferon-omega）。低劑量口服被認為是透過局部口咽黏膜發揮免疫調節作用，而非全身性吸收。
作用機轉
Interferon alfa exhibits antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating effects.
- Mechanism: It binds to specific cell-surface receptors → activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway → induces transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs).
- Antiviral Activity: The ISGs produce proteins (e.g., 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, protein kinase R) that inhibit the synthesis of viral RNA, DNA, and cellular proteins, effectively degrading viral RNA and halting viral replication.
- Immunomodulation: Enhances macrophage phagocytic activity and augments specific cytotoxicity of lymphocytes for target cells.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) - low dose oral therapy is contraindicated
- Preexisting autoimmune disease
- Severe cardiac disease
- Severe pulmonary disease
- 'Brittle' diabetes
- CNS disorders
- Known hypersensitivity to the drug
不良反應
- Malaise
- Fever
- Allergic reactions
- Myelotoxicity (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
- Myalgia
- Neutralizing antibody formation (in cats, leading to loss of efficacy)
- Hepatotoxicity (reported in humans)
- Neurotoxicity (reported in humans)
- Flu-like syndrome (reported in humans)
注意事項
When used parenterally, carefully weigh the risks versus benefits in patients with preexisting autoimmune disease, severe cardiac or pulmonary disease, 'brittle' diabetes, Herpes infections, or CNS disorders.
- Pregnancy: Safety is not established (FDA Category C). High parenteral doses in monkeys increased abortifacient activity.
- Antibody Formation: Prolonged parenteral use in cats (3-7 weeks) often leads to neutralizing antibodies, rendering the drug ineffective.
藥物交互作用
Additive or synergistic antiviral effects may occur.
Additive or synergistic antiviral effects may occur.
Increased toxicities may occur without synergistic antiviral effects.
監測
- Clinical efficacy and symptom resolution
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) if used parenterally (monitor for myelotoxicity)
- Body temperature (monitor for fever)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Poorly absorbed after oral administration due to degradation by proteolytic enzymes. However, it may stimulate local lymphoid tissues via the upper GI mucosa.
分佈
Widely distributed throughout the body, but does not penetrate the CNS well. Placental transfer is unknown.
代謝
Freely filtered by the glomeruli and absorbed by the renal tubules, where it is metabolized by brush border or lysosomes. Hepatic metabolism is of minor importance.
排除
Primarily renal.
過量
No specific information is available regarding acute toxicity or overdosage. Dosages should be determined and calculated carefully.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection (prefilled syringes)
- Powder for injection
- Solution for injection
人用標示
- Interferon Alfa-2a Injection (Roferon-A): 3 million, 6 million, 9 million I.U./syringe
- Interferon Alfa-2b Powder for Injection (Intron A): 5, 10, 18, 25, 50 million Units/vial
- Interferon Alfa-2b Injection (Intron A): 3, 5, 10 million Units/dose in multidose pens
- Interferon Alfa-2b Solution for Injection (Intron A): 3, 5, 10, 18, 25 million Units/vial
- Interferon Alfa-N3 Injection (Alferon N): 5 million Units/mL
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Commercially available products should be stored in the refrigerator; do not freeze the accompanying diluent. Do not expose solutions to room temperature for longer than 24 hours. Do not vigorously shake solutions. Diluted oral solutions can be frozen (preferably at -70°C) if a protein such as albumin is added to maintain stability; otherwise, freezing highly dilute solutions may result in a loss of activity.
飼主須知
本藥物在獸醫學中多屬「試驗性」或標示外使用（off-label use）。
- 預期效果：請了解其對於寵物所有疾病的確切療效與安全性尚未完全確立。
- 給藥方式：若為口服給藥，通常是高度稀釋的液體。請嚴格遵守獸醫師指示的給藥時程（例如：吃7天、停7天）。
- 保存方式：正確的保存非常重要。請依照獸醫師指示冷藏或冷凍，切勿劇烈搖晃藥液。
- 副作用：口服給藥的副作用很少見。若您的寵物接受注射治療，請觀察是否有發燒、嗜睡或肌肉疼痛等跡象，並及時向獸醫師報告。
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