碘泊酸鈉
Ipodate Sodium
Sodium iopodate / Calcium iopodate
別名: Solu-Biloptin · Solubiloptine · Bilivist · Oragrafin · Calcium iopodate · Calcium ipodate · Sodium iopodate · NSC-106962
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical treatment of hyperthyroidism in patients who cannot tolerate methimazole and whose owners will not permit surgery or radioiodine therapy | 100-200 mg (total dose; empiric) PO once daily | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Medical treatment of hyperthyroidism in patients who cannot tolerate methimazole and whose owners will not permit surgery or radioiodine therapy | 50 mg per cat PO twice daily, if 'good' clinical response not obtained, at 2 week intervals may increase dose to 150 mg/day (100 mg AM, 50 mg PM) and then to 200 mg/day (100 mg twice daily) | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| For use before surgery | 15 mg/kg PO q12h | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Medical treatment of hyperthyroidism in patients who cannot tolerate methimazole and whose owners will not permit surgery or radioiodine therapy: Cats with severe hyperthyroidism are less likely to respond.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
碘泊酸鈉是一種口服的放射性不透光有機碘化合物，最初在人類醫學中用作膽囊造影的顯影劑。在獸醫學中，它被重新定位為治療貓甲狀腺機能亢進的替代性抗甲狀腺藥物，特別適用於無法耐受第一線藥物（如甲巰咪唑 methimazole 或卡比馬唑 carbimazole）的患貓。
雖然它能有效減輕甲狀腺機能亢進的臨床症狀，但其使用受到以下幾個重要因素的限制：
- 短暫的療效： 貓咪通常在相對較短的時間後會對此藥物產生抗藥性（療效衰退）。
- 取得不易： 目前沒有商業化的獸醫或人類產品；必須由調劑藥局（compounding pharmacy）特別配製。
- 疾病嚴重度： 對於患有嚴重甲狀腺機能亢進的貓，其療效通常較差。
臨床要點： 因為碘泊酸鈉不會降低血清 T4 濃度（甚至可能因清除率降低而使其升高），所以治療監測必須依賴臨床症狀和血清 T3 濃度。
作用機轉
Ipodate acts via a completely different mechanism than thioureylene antithyroid drugs (like methimazole). Its primary effects include:
- 5'-deiodinase inhibition: It potently inhibits the enzyme responsible for the peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) → the more biologically active triiodothyronine (T3).
- Receptor Blockade: It may competitively block T3 receptors in target tissues, thereby protecting organs such as the heart from the hypertrophic and thyrotoxic effects of hyperthyroidism.
- TSH Interference: It may block the actions of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to ipodate or other iodine compounds
- Pregnancy (risk of congenital hypothyroidism in fetuses)
不良反應
- GI distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping, inappetence)
- Transient efficacy (patients may become refractory)
- Drug-induced pemphigus (rare)
- Skin rashes, itching, dizziness, and headache (reported in humans)
注意事項
Use with caution in patients who have had previous hypersensitivity reactions to iodine compounds. In humans, multiple doses are contraindicated in patients with hepatic dysfunction due to reports of renal toxicity. Use with caution in patients with hyperuricemia due to the possibility of uric acid nephropathy.
Laboratory Interferences:
- May increase BSP retention times and serum bilirubin levels.
- May cause false-positive urine protein determinations.
- Interferes with thyroid scanning.
藥物交互作用
Ipodate may interfere with radioactive iodine uptake and therapy. It is recommended to discontinue ipodate at least 2 weeks (preferably 3-4 weeks or more) prior to I-131 treatment.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (heart rate, body weight, resolution of clinical signs)
- Serum T3 levels (Note: T4 levels typically do not decrease and may remain high; T4 is NOT a reliable indicator of efficacy for this specific drug)
藥物動力學
吸收
Well absorbed after oral administration.
分佈
Pertinent pharmacokinetic data for cats is unavailable.
代謝
Pertinent pharmacokinetic data for cats is unavailable.
排除
Pertinent pharmacokinetic data for cats is unavailable.
過量
No specific information located regarding acute toxicity. Cats have reportedly tolerated daily doses up to 400 mg without severe acute adverse effects.
可用產品
劑型
- Compounded capsules
- Compounded oral suspension
獸醫用
- None
人用標示
- None (Must be obtained via a compounding pharmacy)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store capsules in tight containers and protect from light.
飼主須知
這是什麼藥物？ 碘泊酸鈉用於控制貓的甲狀腺機能亢進（甲狀腺過度活躍），通常在標準藥物（如甲巰咪唑）引起無法接受的副作用時使用。
寵物主人注意事項：
- 無法根治： 此藥物可減少過多甲狀腺素的影響，但無法治癒潛在疾病。必須嚴格遵守每日給藥的醫囑才能獲得成功。
- 療效可能衰退： 此藥物的長期療效存疑。許多貓咪會對其產生「抗藥性」，這意味著藥物可能在幾個月後失效。
- 監測方式不同： 與標準甲狀腺藥物不同，您的獸醫師將監測貓咪的體重、心跳速率以及一種稱為 T3 的特定甲狀腺荷爾蒙（而非通常的 T4）。
- 需要特別調劑： 因為此藥物沒有商業化量產，必須由專業的獸醫調劑藥局特別配製。
- 副作用： 請注意腸胃不適的跡象，例如嘔吐、腹瀉或食慾不振。如果出現這些情況，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。