右旋糖酐鐵
Iron Dextran
Ferric oxyhydroxide and dextran complex
別名: Cosmofer · DexFerrum · Dexiron · Driken · Fercayl · Ferrocel · Ferroin · Ferrum Hausmann · Fexiron · Imferdex · Imferon · InFeD · Infufer · Ferrextran-100 · iron-dextran complex
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron deficiency anemia | 10-20 mg/kg once, followed by oral therapy with ferrous sulfate | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
- Iron deficiency anemia: Followed by oral therapy with ferrous sulfate
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevention of transient neonatal iron deficiency anemia | 50 mg iron dextran injection at 18 days of age | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy with erythropoietin treatment | 10 mg/kg IM every 3-4 weeks | IM | q3-4 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy with erythropoietin treatment in cats who cannot tolerate oral iron therapy | 50 mg IM q3-4 weeks | IM | q3-4 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
雪貂
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | 10 mg/kg IM once weekly | IM | weekly | — | 🌎 NA |
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron deficiency anemia or following hemorrhage | 10 mg/kg IM; repeat in 7-10 days if PCV fails to return to normal | IM | once, repeat in 7-10 days if needed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Iron deficiency anemia or following hemorrhage | 10 mg/kg IM; repeat weekly | IM | weekly | — | 🌎 NA |
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevention of iron deficiency anemia in baby pigs (2-4 days of age) | Administer an initial intramuscular injection of 100 mg of elemental iron to each animal at 2 to 4 days of age. Dosage may be repeated in 14 to 21 days. | IM | once, repeat in 14-21 days | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
右旋糖酐鐵是一種注射用補血劑，主要用於治療和預防缺鐵性貧血，特別是在新生食用動物（如仔豬）中。仔豬出生時鐵儲存量低，且在室內飼養時無法從土壤中獲取鐵質，因此早期補充鐵質對於預防貧血至關重要。
在小動物醫學中，右旋糖酐鐵常作為慢性腎病患者接受紅血球生成素 (EPO) 或達貝泊汀 (darbepoetin) 治療時的輔助療法，特別是當病患對口服鐵劑耐受性差或吸收不良時。
臨床要點： 雖然補充鐵質可以改善因缺鐵引起的物理症狀和血紅素低下，但它本身並不能刺激紅血球生成，也無法糾正其他原因引起的貧血。
作用機轉
Iron is an essential structural component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, facilitating oxygen transport and utilization throughout the body. It also acts as a critical cofactor for multiple metabolic enzymes.
- Pathway: IM Injection → Slow absorption via lymphatic system → Phagocytosis by reticuloendothelial system (RES) in liver, spleen, and bone marrow → Cleavage of iron from dextran → Iron binds to transferrin for transport → Incorporation into hemoglobin in bone marrow or stored as ferritin and hemosiderin.
- Key Enzymes: Ionized iron is a vital component of cytochrome oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and xanthine oxidase.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to iron dextran
- Any anemia other than iron deficiency anemia
- Acute renal infections
- Concurrent use with oral iron supplements
不良反應
- Prostration and muscular weakness (pigs)
- Anaphylactoid reactions (rarely fatal)
- Nausea, vomiting, and sudden death within 1 hour (in pigs born to Vitamin E/Selenium deficient sows)
- Muscle tissue staining at injection site (in pigs >4 weeks old)
- Injection site sarcomas (associated with large SC doses in laboratory animals)
注意事項
Pregnancy: High dosages may cause increased incidences of teratogenicity and embryotoxicity (FDA Category C). Use only when clearly necessary at recommended doses. Nutritional Deficiencies: Extreme caution in pigs born to Vitamin E/Selenium deficient sows due to risk of sudden death. Laboratory Interference: Large doses may discolor serum brown, causing falsely elevated serum bilirubin and falsely decreased serum calcium values. Serum iron values may not be meaningful for up to 3 weeks post-injection. Incompatibilities: Physically incompatible when mixed with oxytetracycline HCl and sulfadiazine sodium.
藥物交互作用
May delay the response to iron administration; avoid using chloramphenicol in patients with iron deficiency anemia
監測
- CBC (Complete Blood Count)
- RBC indices (MCV, MCHC)
- Adverse reactions (especially post-injection anaphylaxis)
- Serum iron (Note: values may not be meaningful for up to 3 weeks post-injection)
藥物動力學
吸收
Slowly absorbed primarily via the lymphatic system after IM injection. About 60% is absorbed within 3 days; up to 90% is absorbed after 1-3 weeks. The remainder may be absorbed slowly over several months.
分佈
Iron crosses the placenta (form unknown). Only traces are excreted in milk. Iron is immediately bound to protein elements to form hemosiderin, ferritin, or transferrin.
代謝
Reticuloendothelial cells of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow gradually clear the drug from plasma. Iron is cleaved from the dextran component; dextran is then metabolized or excreted.
排除
Not readily eliminated from the body. Liberated iron is reused. Only trace amounts are lost via hair/nail growth, skin desquamation, GI tract sloughing, feces, bile, or urine. Accumulation can result with repeated dosing.
過量
Inadvertent overdose injections may lead to iron toxicity, which can cause severe gastrointestinal mucosal damage, cardiovascular collapse, and liver failure. Depending on the size of the dose, chelation therapy may be required. Deferoxamine is the specific chelating agent used for severe iron toxicity.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable solution
獸醫用
- Iron Dextran Injection: 100 mg of elemental iron/mL in 100 mL vials
- Iron Dextran Injection: 200 mg of elemental iron/mL in 100 mL vials
人用標示
- Iron Dextran Injection: 50 mg of elemental iron/mL (as dextran) in 1 mL & 2 mL single-dose vials
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature (15-30°C); avoid freezing. Physically incompatible when mixed with oxytetracycline HCl and sulfadiazine sodium.
飼主須知
- 用途： 此注射劑提供必需的鐵質，幫助您的動物製造健康的紅血球，並治療或預防貧血。
- 給藥方式： 此藥物透過肌肉注射給予。
- 對於養豬戶： 請注射於豬隻後腿肉（火腿部）的肌肉內。請注意，對4週齡以上的豬隻進行注射可能會造成肌肉組織永久性染色。
- 副作用： 注射部位可能會出現輕微疼痛。注射後請密切觀察是否有虛弱或嚴重過敏反應的跡象，若有發生請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
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