拉坦前列素
Latanoprost
Isopropyl-(Z)-7[(1R,2R,3R,5S)3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoate
別名: Xalatan · Monopost · Latanoprostum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary glaucoma / Acute primary glaucoma | 1 drop per eye | Topical | once daily (evening), or q8-12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Primary glaucoma / Acute primary glaucoma: Often used in conjunction with other topical antiglaucoma drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary glaucoma | Detailed information not available | Topical | Unknown | — | 🌍 EU |
- Primary glaucoma: Efficacy is variable; shown to reduce IOP acutely but suitability for long-term use is unknown.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
拉坦前列素 (Latanoprost) 是一種局部眼科前列腺素類似物，主要用於治療犬原發性青光眼以及急性原發性青光眼的緊急處置。通常與其他局部抗青光眼藥物（如碳酸酐酶抑制劑）合併使用。
臨床警告： 禁忌用於葡萄膜炎和晶狀體前脫位。避免用於懷孕動物。
臨床提示： 儘管禁忌用於晶狀體前脫位，但可能對晶狀體半脫位和後脫位的處理有幫助。拉坦前列素的活性與曲伏前列素 (travoprost) 相當。在貓的療效具個體差異；研究顯示它能急性降低原發性青光眼貓的眼壓，但長期使用的適用性與療效尚不清楚。
作用機轉
Acts as an agonist for receptors specific for prostaglandin F.
Prostaglandin F receptor activation → increases uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor → significantly reduces intraocular pressure (IOP).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Uveitis
- Anterior lens luxation
- Pregnancy
不良反應
- Miosis (in dogs and cats)
- Blood-aqueous barrier disruption
- Conjunctival hyperaemia
- Mild ocular irritation
注意事項
Pregnancy Warning: Avoid use in pregnant animals. Ocular Warnings: Do not use in patients with uveitis or anterior lens luxation. May cause disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier.
Handling: Check specific product requirements for storage (room temperature vs. refrigeration).
藥物交互作用
Incompatible; do not use in conjunction
監測
- Intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Pupil diameter (monitor for miosis)
- Signs of uveitis or blood-aqueous barrier disruption
- Conjunctival hyperaemia
藥物動力學
吸收
Absorbed through the cornea where the isopropyl ester prodrug is hydrolyzed to the biologically active acid.
分佈
Primarily distributed within the anterior segment of the eye.
代謝
Hydrolyzed by esterases in the cornea to the active latanoprost acid.
排除
Systemically absorbed latanoprost acid is primarily metabolized by the liver and excreted via urine.
過量
No specific overdosage information is provided in the monograph. Overdosage of topical ophthalmic drops may lead to increased severity of local adverse effects such as conjunctival hyperemia, miosis, and ocular irritation. If accidental oral ingestion occurs, systemic toxicity is generally low due to rapid first-pass metabolism, but veterinary advice should be sought.
可用產品
劑型
- Ophthalmic solution: 50 μg/ml (0.005%) in 2.5 ml bottle
- Ophthalmic solution: 50 μg/ml (0.005%) in 0.2 ml single-dose vials
人用標示
- Xalatan 50 μg/ml (0.005%) solution in 2.5 ml bottle
- Monopost 50 μg/ml (0.005%) in 0.2 ml vials
各地核准狀態
Human authorized products (POM) used off-label in veterinary medicine under the cascade.
Human authorized products (POM) used off-label in veterinary medicine under the cascade.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Check specific product requirements for storage at room temperature or refrigeration.
飼主須知
給藥方式
- 如何點眼藥： 點眼藥水前後請洗手。請勿讓滴管尖端接觸到眼睛或任何其他表面。
- 多種眼藥水： 如果您的寵物需要點多種眼藥水，每種藥物之間請至少間隔 5 到 10 分鐘，以免後續的藥水將前一種沖洗掉。
預期反應
- 點藥後您可能會發現寵物的瞳孔變得非常小（縮瞳），這是該藥物的正常反應。
- 眼睛可能會出現輕微發紅（充血）的現象。
警告
- 請勿使用於懷孕的寵物。
- 如果眼睛變得越來越紅、混濁、疼痛，或者您的寵物開始瞇眼或揉眼睛，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
儲存方式
- 請仔細檢查包裝說明。有些廠牌需要冷藏，而有些則可保存在室溫下。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。