林可黴素

Lincomycin

Lincomycin hydrochloride

別名: Lincocin · Lincomix · LincoMed · Linco-Ped · Lincono · Macrolin · Lincoject · U-10149 · NSC-70731 · Anbycin · Frademicina · Fredcina · Lincomicina · Lincomycine · Lincomycinum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

WHO 高度重要抗生素 — 建議負責任地使用

15.4 mg/kg PO q8h or 22 mg/kg PO q12hPO· q8h or q12h· Superficial pyoderma 21-42 days; deep, resistant pyoderma 56 days

體重— 🐕

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症	劑量	途徑	頻次	療程	地區
Skin and soft tissue infections	15.4 mg/kg PO q8h or 22 mg/kg PO q12h	PO	q8h or q12h	Superficial pyoderma 21-42 days; deep, resistant pyoderma 56 days	🌎 NA
Systemic infections	22 mg/kg IM, SC, or IV (must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion) q24h or 11 mg/kg IM or SC q12h	IM, SC, IV	q24h or q12h	12 days or less	🌎 NA
Bacteremia, sepsis	11-22 mg/kg IV q8h	IV	q8h	12 days or less	🌎 NA
Pyoderma	40-50 mg/kg/day PO divided into two or three doses per day	PO	Divided into two or three doses per day	—	🌎 NA
Superficial pyodermas	20 mg/kg PO q12h	PO	q12h	—	🌎 NA
Pyoderma	22 mg/kg PO twice daily	PO	Twice daily	—	🌎 NA
Susceptible bacterial infections	22 mg/kg	IM	q24h	—	🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections	11 mg/kg	IM	q12h	—	🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections	11-22 mg/kg	IV	q12-24h	—	🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections	22 mg/kg	PO	q12h	—	🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections	15 mg/kg	PO	q8h	—	🌍 EU

Systemic infections: IV must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion
Pyoderma: Good for first time pyodermas
Susceptible bacterial infections: Must be administered slowly

貓

適應症	劑量	途徑	頻次	療程	地區
Skin and soft tissue infections	11 mg/kg IM q12h or 22 mg/kg IM q24h	IM	q12h or q24h	12 days or less	🌎 NA
Systemic infections	15 mg/kg PO q8h or 22 mg/kg PO q12h	PO	q8h or q12h	12 days or less	🌎 NA
Susceptible bacterial infections	22 mg/kg	IM	q24h	—	🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections	11 mg/kg	IM	q12h	—	🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections	11-22 mg/kg	IV	q12-24h	—	🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections	22 mg/kg	PO	q12h	—	🌍 EU
Susceptible bacterial infections	15 mg/kg	PO	q8h	—	🌍 EU

Susceptible bacterial infections: Must be administered slowly

雪貂

適應症	劑量	途徑	頻次	療程	地區
Susceptible infections	10-15 mg/kg PO three times daily; 10 mg/kg IM twice daily	PO, IM	Three times daily (PO) or twice daily (IM)	—	🌎 NA

豬

適應症	劑量	途徑	頻次	療程	地區
Mycoplasmal (M. hyopneumoniae) pneumonia	Fed at 200 grams per ton of feed for 21 days or 11 mg/kg IM once daily	PO, IM	Continuous in feed or once daily IM	21 days (feed)	🌎 NA
Susceptible infections	11 mg/kg IM once daily for 3-7 days; or added to drinking water at a rate of 250 mg/gallon (average of 8.36 mg/kg/day)	IM, PO	Once daily (IM) or continuous in water	3-7 days (IM)	🌎 NA

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

林可黴素 (Lincomycin) 是一種窄至中等抗菌譜的林可醯胺類抗生素，與克林黴素 (clindamycin) 密切相關。在獸醫學中，主要用於治療由敏感的革蘭氏陽性需氧球菌（如葡萄球菌和鏈球菌）、多種厭氧菌及黴漿菌引起的感染。

主要藥理特徵包括：

抗菌譜：對許多厭氧菌、革蘭氏陽性需氧菌及弓形蟲有效。通常對革蘭氏陰性需氧菌及糞腸球菌無效。
臨床應用：雖然獲 FDA 批准用於犬、貓和豬，但在小動物臨床上已很大程度被克林黴素取代，因為後者具有更好的口服生物利用度、更高的內在抗菌活性及較低的毒性。
毒性特徵：絕對禁用於後腸發酵動物和反芻動物（如馬、兔、囓齒動物），因為有引發嚴重甚至致命的梭狀芽孢桿菌性小腸結腸炎的風險。

臨床提示：林可黴素是一種時間依賴型抗生素。在給藥間隔內將藥物濃度維持在最低抑菌濃度 (MIC) 以上，對於臨床療效至關重要。

作用機轉

Lincomycin exerts its antibacterial effects by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria.

Mechanism Pathway: Drug enters bacterial cell → Binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit → Blocks the transpeptidation and translocation steps → Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.

Depending on the concentration of the drug at the infection site and the specific susceptibility of the targeted organism, lincomycin can be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal.

Note: Complete cross-resistance occurs between lincomycin and clindamycin, and partial cross-resistance occurs with macrolides like erythromycin due to overlapping ribosomal binding sites.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

Rabbits
Hamsters
Guinea pigs
Horses
Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats)
Patients with known hypersensitivity to lincosamides
Patients with preexisting monilial (yeast) infections
Neonatal animals (relative contraindication due to gut flora effects)
Rapid intravenous administration
Use with caution in patients with severe liver disease

不良反應

Gastroenteritis (emesis, loose stools, bloody diarrhea in dogs)
Pain and inflammation at IM injection sites
Hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest (if administered rapidly IV)
Gastrointestinal disturbances in swine
Diarrhea in nursing neonates (drug distributes into milk)
Diarrhoea (potentially haemorrhagic)
Colitis
Hepatotoxicity (in patients with pre-existing liver disease)
Cardiac depression (if given rapidly IV)
Peripheral neuromuscular blockade (if given rapidly IV)

注意事項

Use with caution in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction; consider reducing the dosage in severe cases as half-lives can be significantly prolonged.

Intravenous Administration: Must be diluted and given as a slow drip infusion to prevent severe hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest.

Species Warnings: Never administer to horses, ruminants, or small herbivores (rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters) as it can cause fatal dysbiosis and enterocolitis.

藥物交互作用

Cyclosporine

Lincomycin may reduce systemic levels of cyclosporine.

Erythromycin

In vitro antagonism occurs due to competing ribosomal binding sites; concomitant use should be avoided.

KaolinModerate

Reduces the absorption of oral lincomycin by up to 90%. If both are necessary, separate doses by at least 2 hours.

Neuromuscular blocking agents (e.g., pancuronium)

Lincomycin possesses intrinsic neuromuscular blocking activity and may enhance the effects of these agents; use cautiously.

Neuromuscular blocking agentsMajor

Enhanced neuromuscular blockade action

ChloramphenicolMajor

Antagonistic antimicrobial action (competes for 50S ribosomal binding site)

MacrolidesMajor

Antagonistic antimicrobial action (competes for 50S ribosomal binding site)

監測

Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
Adverse effects, particularly severe or bloody diarrhea
Liver function tests (AST, ALT, Alk. Phosph.) may show slight, usually clinically insignificant, increases
Fecal consistency (monitor for diarrhoea or haemorrhagic stool)
Liver enzymes (in patients with pre-existing hepatic impairment)

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓3-4 hours狗3-4 hours

吸收

Rapidly but incompletely absorbed from the gut (only about 30-40% of total dose). Food decreases both the extent and rate of absorption. Peak serum levels are attained 2-4 hours post-oral dosing, and about 30 minutes post-IM injection (IM peaks are double oral peaks).

分佈

Distributes widely into most tissues including bone, synovial fluid, bile, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, skin, and heart muscle. CNS levels may reach 40% of serum levels if meninges are inflamed. Protein binding is 57-72%. Crosses the placenta and distributes into milk at concentrations equal to plasma.

代謝

Partially metabolized in the liver.

排除

Unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted in the urine, feces, and bile. Half-lives can be prolonged in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction.

過量

There is limited information regarding acute overdoses. Lincomycin appears to have a wide margin of safety in dogs. Oral doses up to 300 mg/kg/day for up to one year, or parenteral doses of 60 mg/kg/day, did not result in apparent toxicity. If a massive overdose occurs, standard supportive care and gastrointestinal decontamination (if oral and recent) should be considered.

可用產品

劑型

Oral tablets
Oral solution (drops)
Sterile injection
Soluble powder/feed additive
Injectable: 100 mg/ml solution
Oral: powder for solution

獸醫用

Lincomycin Oral Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg, 500 mg (Lincocin)
Lincomycin Oral Solution: 50 mg/mL in 20 mL dropper bottles (Lincocin Aquadrops)
Lincomycin Sterile Injection: 100 mg/mL in 20 mL vials (Lincocin)
Lincomycin Sterile Injection (Swine): 25 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL & 300 mg/mL in 100 mL vials (Lincocin Sterile Solution, Lincomix Injectable)
Various combination feed/water additive products for swine and poultry
Lincocin 100 mg/ml injection
Lincoject 100 mg/ml injection
Lincocin powder for oral solution

人用標示

Lincomycin Injection: 300 mg/mL in 2 mL & 10 mL vials (Lincocin)

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA

🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats pigs

POM-V classification

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD