鋰
造血刺激劑
碳酸鋰主要用於獸醫學中刺激骨髓造血。適用於治療**特發性再生不良性貧血**、**細胞毒性藥物引起的嗜中性白血球低下**或**血小板低下**、**雌激素引起的骨髓抑制**及**週期性造血不良**。 > **臨床警告**：藥效發揮前可能有長達4週的潛伏期。 實驗研究顯示，與細胞毒性藥物同時給藥時，鋰可能預防相關的嗜中性白血球低下，但目前缺乏充分的臨床試驗證實。 **臨床提示**：建議的治療血清鋰濃度為0.5-1.8 mmol/l，若情況允許應每3個月評估一次。
作用機制: Lithium **stimulates bone marrow stem cells**, causing an increase in the production of haemopoietic cell lines → particularly **granulocytes**.
各物種劑量
Dogs
- Bone marrow suppression / neutropenia · 10 mg/kg · PO · q12h · Give with food.
Cats
- Contraindicated · Do not use · PO · Lithium is toxic to cats.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
PO
禁忌症
- Cats (highly toxic)
- Renal impairment
- Cardiac disease
- Conditions with sodium imbalance (e.g., hypoadrenocorticism)
- Dehydration
不良反應
- Nausea
- Diarrhoea
- Muscle weakness
- Fatigue
- Polyuria (PU)
- Polydipsia (PD)
- Seizures
- Hypothyroidism (blocks release of T3 and T4)
藥物相互作用
- ACE inhibitors · Reduces lithium excretion, increasing the risk of toxicity · major
- Loop diuretics · Reduces lithium excretion and causes sodium depletion, worsening toxicity · major
- Thiazide diuretics · Reduces lithium excretion and causes sodium depletion, worsening toxicity · major
- NSAIDs · Reduces lithium excretion, increasing the risk of toxicity · major
- Theophylline · May increase the excretion of lithium, potentially reducing efficacy · moderate
- Neostigmine · Lithium antagonizes the effects of neostigmine · moderate
- Pyridostigmine · Lithium antagonizes the effects of pyridostigmine · moderate
- Diltiazem · Concurrent administration may result in neurotoxicity · major
- Verapamil · Concurrent administration may result in neurotoxicity · major
監測
- Serum lithium concentration (target 0.5-1.8 mmol/l, assess every 3 months)
- Thyroid status (T3 and T4, assess every 6 months)
- Renal function
- Hydration status and serum sodium levels
過量
Lithium is **nephrotoxic at high doses**. Toxicity is significantly worsened by sodium depletion (e.g., concurrent diuretic use or dehydration). Signs of toxicity may include severe nausea, diarrhoea, muscle weakness, polyuria/polydipsia, and seizures.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。