離胺酸
離胺酸是一種營養性胺基酸，傳統上被用於獸醫學中以抑制貓的**貓皰疹病毒-1 (FHV-1)** 感染。 > **臨床爭議**：儘管過去廣受歡迎，但近期嚴謹的研究對其療效提出了重大質疑。研究指出，補充離胺酸並不能預防或減少收容所貓咪上呼吸道感染的復發。在某些研究中，接受離胺酸的貓咪甚至出現疾病嚴重程度和 FHV-1 DNA 檢出率*增加*的情況。因此，許多獸醫眼科和傳染病專家已不再建議常規使用。
作用機制: Lysine is an amino acid that acts as a competitive antagonist to **arginine** during viral replication. * **Mechanism**: Herpesviruses require arginine to synthesize viral proteins and produce infective viral particles. * **Pathway**: Lysine competes with arginine → Lysine is erroneously incorporated into the viral structure instead of arginine → The resulting viral particles are defective and less infective. *Note: The clinical failure of this mechanism in cats may be due to the feline's strict dietary requirement for arginine; artificially lowering arginine activity via lysine supplementation can have detrimental systemic effects.*
各物種劑量
- To prevent or reduce recurrent feline herpesvirus ocular infections · 500 mg PO twice daily for life · PO · q12h · for life
- To prevent or reduce recurrent feline herpesvirus ocular infections · 500 mg mixed with food daily · PO · q24h
- To prevent or reduce recurrent feline herpesvirus ocular infections · 250 mg PO twice daily · PO · q12h
- As adjunctive therapy for feline herpesvirus dermatologic infections · 250 mg PO twice daily · PO · q12h
- As adjunctive therapy for feline herpesvirus dermatologic infections · 250 mg PO once to twice daily · PO · q12h-q24h
- Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) infection management · 500 mg · PO · q12-24h · Adults. Equivalent to 2 ml/2 pumps q12h.
- Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) infection management · 250 mg · PO · q12-24h · Kittens. Equivalent to 1 ml/1 pump q12h.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- No specific contraindications noted
- Preparations containing propylene glycol (toxic to cats)
不良反應
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea (mild, reversible)
藥物相互作用
- Arginine · May negate the anti-herpesvirus effects of lysine
- Calcium (oral) · Concomitant use may increase calcium absorption from the gut and decrease calcium loss in the urine
監測
- Clinical signs of herpesvirus infection (ocular and respiratory symptoms)
- Clinical signs of FHV-1 (ocular and respiratory signs)
- Gastrointestinal tolerance (monitoring for diarrhoea)
過量
Significant toxicity is highly unlikely. * **Clinical Signs**: Mild gastrointestinal effects such as **nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea** may occur with massive ingestions. * **Management**: Supportive care as needed; usually self-limiting.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。