氫氧化鎂
氫氧化鎂在獸醫學中用作口服抗酸劑和瀉藥。在小動物中，它曾被用於治療胃酸過多和潰瘍，但現在多被更有效的藥物取代；有時作為滲透性瀉藥使用。在反芻動物中，粉劑形式對於治療瘤胃過載症候群（瘤胃酸中毒）非常有效。
作用機制: Acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract: * **Antacid**: Neutralizes gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl) → raises gastric pH. Raising pH >4 minimizes pepsin proteolytic activity, reducing gastric mucosal damage. * **Laxative**: Poorly absorbed magnesium ions create an osmotic gradient → draws water into the intestinal lumen → distends the bowel → stimulates peristalsis. * **Rumen Alkalinizer**: Directly neutralizes excess lactic acid produced during grain overload → increases rumen pH and alters rumen microflora activity.
各物種劑量
- Rumen overload syndrome · As above for cattle, but use ⅛th-¼th the amount · PO · q6-12h
- Rumen overload syndrome · As above for cattle, but use ⅛th-¼th the amount · PO · q6-12h
- Antacid · 5-15 mL PO once to twice daily · PO · q12-24h · Using Milk of Magnesia
- Rumen overload syndrome (Adults) · Up to 1 gram/kg (MgOH) mixed in 2-3 gallons of warm water and given PO per tube. May repeat (use smaller doses) at 612 hour intervals. If the rumen has been evacuated, do not exceed 225 grams initially. · PO · q6-12h · Dehydration and systemic acidosis must be concomitantly corrected.
- Rumen overload syndrome (Calves) · As above but use ⅛th-¼th the amount · PO · q6-12h
- Adjunctive gastroduodenal ulcer therapy in foals · 15 mL 4 times a day · PO · q6h · Using Aluminum/magnesium hydroxide suspension
- Adjunctive treatment of hypomagnesemia with GI disease and severe hypocalcemia · 5-15 mL/per dog per 24 hours · PO · q24h · Using Milk of Magnesia
- Adjunctive therapy for gastric ulcers · 2-10 mL PO q2-4h · PO · q2-4h · Using Aluminum hydroxide suspension or aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide suspension
- Antacid · 5-30 mL PO once to twice daily · PO · q12-24h · Using Milk of Magnesia
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Renal disease (due to risk of hypermagnesemia)
- Gastric outlet obstruction (for aluminum-containing products)
- Use cautiously in patients on sodium- or potassium-restricted diets (some products contain significant amounts)
不良反應
- Diarrhea or frequent loose stools
- Hypermagnesemia (especially in patients with severe renal insufficiency)
- Constipation (if using combination products with aluminum)
- Hypophosphatemia (with chronic use of aluminum-containing products)
藥物相互作用
- Quinidine · Increased absorption or pharmacologic effect may occur
- Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate · May decrease the potassium-lowering effectiveness; may cause metabolic alkalosis in renal failure patients
- Sustained-release medications · May alter absorption by changing GI transit times when used at laxative dosages
- Sympathomimetic agents · Increased absorption or pharmacologic effect may occur
- Fluoroquinolones · Decreased absorption (chelation); separate doses by at least 2 hours
- Tetracyclines · Decreased absorption (chelation); separate doses by at least 2 hours
- Azole Antifungals (Ketoconazole, Itraconazole) · Decreased absorption due to increased gastric pH; separate doses by at least 2 hours
- Digoxin · Decreased absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours
- Iron Salts · Decreased absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours
- H-2 Antagonists · Decreased absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours
- Thyroid Hormones · Decreased absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours
- Corticosteroids · Decreased absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours
監測
- Electrolyte imbalances (Magnesium, Phosphorus, Calcium) with chronic or high-dose therapy
- Renal function
- Fecal consistency
過量
Chronic or acute overdose can lead to significant GI upset (severe diarrhea) and electrolyte imbalances (hypermagnesemia, especially in renal failure). Treat symptomatically with fluid therapy and correct electrolyte derangements.
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