馬瓦考昔

各物種劑量

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。

給藥途徑

禁忌症

• Dogs less than 12 months of age
• Dogs less than 5 kg body weight
• Gastrointestinal disorders including ulceration and bleeding
• Evidence of a hemorrhagic disorder
• Impaired renal or hepatic function
• Cardiac insufficiency
• Hypersensitivity to mavacoxib, sulfonamides, or excipients
• Pregnant, breeding, or lactating animals
• Dehydrated, hypovolemic, or hypotensive animals
• Dehydrated, hypovolaemic, or hypotensive patients
• Gastrointestinal disease or ulceration
• Blood clotting disorders
• Liver disease (prolongs metabolism and causes accumulation)
• Renal disease (requires careful evaluation, generally avoid)
• Pregnant or lactating animals

不良反應

• Inappetence
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Depression
• Renal toxicity
• Gastrointestinal ulceration
• Gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding
• Vomiting and diarrhoea
• Renal toxicity (especially if dehydrated or hypotensive)
• Hepatic accumulation (in poor metabolizers)
• Theoretical risk of precipitating cardiac failure

藥物相互作用

• ACE Inhibitors (e.g., enalapril, benazepril) · NSAIDs can reduce effects on blood pressure and potentially reduce renal blood flow, increasing the risk for renal injury.
• Aspirin · May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (ulceration, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea). Long washout periods are warranted when switching.
• Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) · May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (ulceration, bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea). Concurrent use is contraindicated.
• Digoxin · NSAIDs may increase serum levels of digoxin.
• Fluconazole · May increase plasma levels of mavacoxib (extrapolated from celecoxib data in humans).
• Furosemide · NSAIDs may reduce saluretic and diuretic effects.
• Methotrexate · Serious toxicity has occurred when NSAIDs have been used concomitantly; use together with extreme caution.
• Nephrotoxic Drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, amphotericin B) · May enhance the risk of nephrotoxicity development.
• Other NSAIDs · May increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity. Do not administer other NSAIDs within 1 month of the last administration of mavacoxib. · major
• Glucocorticoids · Increased risk of severe gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. · major
• Aminoglycosides · Increased risk of nephrotoxicity. · major

監測

• Baseline and periodic CBC and serum chemistry (including BUN/serum creatinine, and liver function assessment)
• Baseline history and physical
• Efficacy of therapy
• Adverse effect monitoring via client
• Baseline and periodic renal function (BUN, Creatinine, SDMA, USG)
• Baseline and periodic hepatic function (ALT, ALP, Bilirubin)
• Clinical signs of GI ulceration (vomiting, melaena, anorexia)
• Hydration status and blood pressure (especially during anaesthesia)

過量

In safety studies, repeated doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg did not demonstrate adverse events. At **15 mg/kg**, vomiting, softened/mucoid feces, and decreased renal function were noted. Doses of **25 mg/kg** caused GI ulceration, with one fatality from GI perforation and peritonitis. * **Management:** Manage as with other NSAID toxicity (emetics, activated charcoal, GI protectants, fluid diuresis). * **Important:** Because of the drug's very long duration of effect, prolonged monitoring and treatment may be required. Consulting a veterinary poison center is highly recommended.