美克洛嗪 / 敏克靜
**美克洛嗪 (Meclizine)** 是一種第一代哌嗪類抗組織胺藥物，在獸醫學中主要用於其止吐和防暈車的特性。 * **臨床用途**：它對於控制犬貓的周邊前庭疾病、眩暈和暈車特別有效。 * **其他特性**：除了抗組織胺活性外，美克洛嗪還具有輕度的中樞神經抑制、解痙和局部麻醉作用。 * **安全性**：通常耐受性良好，但由於其具有抗膽鹼能特性，在患有青光眼或尿瀦留等特定併發症的病患中需謹慎使用。
作用機制: Meclizine acts primarily as an antagonist at central **H1-receptors** and **muscarinic acetylcholine receptors**. * **Vestibular Pathway**: Blocks histaminergic and cholinergic signals originating from the vestibular apparatus → reduces stimulation of the **Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)** and the vomiting center in the medulla. * **Anticholinergic Activity**: Central muscarinic antagonism contributes significantly to its efficacy against motion sickness and vertigo. * **CNS Depression**: Causes generalized CNS depression, which may aid in its antiemetic and sedative effects.
各物種劑量
- General/Vestibular · 12.5 mg per cat · PO · once daily
- General · 6.25 mg/5 kg of body weight · PO · Not specified
- Anti-emetic · 4 mg/kg · PO · once a day
- Palliative treatment of vertigo · 12.5 mg per cat · PO · once daily
- Rolling, torticollis, motion sickness (Rabbits) · 2-12 mg/kg · PO · once daily
- Adjunctive treatment of torticollis, head tilt ('wry neck') (Rabbits) · 12.5 mg (total dose) · PO · q12-24h
- Supportive treatment of peripheral vestibular disease · 25 mg per dog · PO · once daily · Treatment is usually unnecessary after 72-96 hours
- Vestibular suppressant · 12.5-50 mg (total dose per dog) · PO · twice daily
- Anti-emetic · 4 mg/kg · PO · once a day
- Palliative treatment of vertigo · 25 mg per dog · PO · once daily
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to meclizine
不良反應
- Sedation
- Dry mucous membranes
- Dry eyes
- Tachycardia
- Contradictory CNS stimulation
- Inappetence (especially in cats)
藥物相互作用
- CNS Depressants · Use with other CNS depressants may cause additive sedation
- Anticholinergic Drugs · Other anticholinergic drugs may cause additive anticholinergic effects
監測
- Clinical efficacy (reduction in vomiting, motion sickness, or vestibular signs)
- Adverse effects (sedation, anticholinergic signs)
過量
Moderate overdosage may result in drowsiness alternating with hyperexcitability. **Massive overdosages** may result in: * Profound CNS depression * Hallucinations * Seizures * Severe anticholinergic effects (tachycardia, urinary retention, etc.) **Treatment**: * Consider gut emptying when patients present soon after ingestion. * Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. * > **Warning**: Avoid respiratory depressant medications.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。