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甲哌卡因

Mepivacaine

局部麻醉劑PerineuralLocal infiltrationIntra-articular狗貓

別名: Intra-epicaine · Mepivacaine hydrochloride · Mepivacainum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

2 mg/kg of the 2% solutionIntra-articular· Single dose· 100-120 min
— 🐕

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Local or perineural blockadeInject the minimal volume required to achieve an effectLocal/PerineuralSingle dose100-120 min🌍 EU
Intra-articular analgesia (e.g., prior to arthroscopy)2 mg/kg of the 2% solutionIntra-articularSingle dose100-120 min🌍 EU
  • Local or perineural blockade: Toxic doses have not been established in companion animals.
  • Intra-articular analgesia (e.g., prior to arthroscopy): Injected into the elbow joint prior to arthroscopy; found to decrease the haemodynamic response to surgery.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Local or perineural blockadeInject the minimal volume required to achieve an effectLocal/PerineuralSingle dose100-120 min🌍 EU
  • Local or perineural blockade: Toxic doses have not been established in companion animals.

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

甲哌卡因是一種醯胺類局部麻醉劑，用於神經阻滯、局部浸潤和關節內鎮痛。與利多卡因相比，其血管擴張作用較弱，對組織的刺激性較小。作用時間稍長（100-120分鐘），且無需添加腎上腺素即可延長效果。​臨床警告​：嚴禁靜脈注射，否則可能導致抽搐和心搏驟停。

作用機轉

Local anesthetic action is dependent on the reversible blockade of the voltage-gated sodium channels → prevents the influx of sodium ions → prevents the propagation of an action potential along the nerve fiber.

Sensory nerve fibers are blocked before motor nerve fibers, allowing a selective sensory blockade at low doses.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Intravenous (IV) injection

不良反應

  • Convulsions (associated with inadvertent IV injection or overdose)
  • Cardiac arrest (associated with inadvertent IV injection or overdose)

注意事項

​Strictly avoid intravenous injection.​ Inadvertent IV administration may cause severe central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity.

​Clinical Pearl:​ Toxic doses of mepivacaine have not been definitively established in companion animals; therefore, always use the minimal effective volume and carefully calculate maximum safe doses based on general amide local anesthetic guidelines.

監測

  • Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
  • Blood pressure
  • Neurological status (monitor for signs of toxicity such as muscle twitching or seizures)

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓Not specified in monograph狗Not specified in monograph

吸收

Rapidly absorbed from the site of local injection. Rate depends on vascularity of the tissue.

分佈

Distributes to all body tissues; crosses the blood-brain barrier and placenta.

代謝

Hepatic metabolism (amide-type local anesthetic).

排除

Excreted primarily via the kidneys as metabolites.

過量

Toxic doses of mepivacaine have not been established in companion animals. Inadvertent intravenous injection or massive overdose may cause severe systemic toxicity, manifesting as convulsions and/or cardiac arrest. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic (e.g., seizure control, cardiovascular support, potentially intravenous lipid emulsion therapy).

可用產品

劑型

  • Injectable: 2% solution

獸醫用

  • Intra-epicaine 2% solution (Authorized for horses in the UK/EU)

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐴 Horses

Authorized primarily for horses; used off-label in companion animals.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥 · POM-VVMD
🐴 Horses

POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian)

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Normal precautions should be observed. Store according to manufacturer guidelines, typically at room temperature and protected from light.

飼主須知

甲哌卡因是獸醫在手術或診斷過程中用來麻醉特定區域（如關節或神經）的局部麻醉劑。此藥物僅在診所內由專業人員施打。回家後請觀察寵物是否有任何不適、異常行為或虛弱，如有疑慮請聯繫您的獸醫。

VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。