甲哌卡因
甲哌卡因是一種醯胺類局部麻醉劑，用於神經阻滯、局部浸潤和關節內鎮痛。與利多卡因相比，其血管擴張作用較弱，對組織的刺激性較小。作用時間稍長（100-120分鐘），且無需添加腎上腺素即可延長效果。**臨床警告**：嚴禁靜脈注射，否則可能導致抽搐和心搏驟停。
作用機制: Local anesthetic action is dependent on the reversible blockade of the **voltage-gated sodium channels** → prevents the influx of sodium ions → prevents the propagation of an action potential along the nerve fiber. Sensory nerve fibers are blocked before motor nerve fibers, allowing a selective sensory blockade at low doses.
各物種劑量
- Local or perineural blockade · Inject the minimal volume required to achieve an effect · Local/Perineural · Single dose · 100-120 min · Toxic doses have not been established in companion animals.
- Intra-articular analgesia (e.g., prior to arthroscopy) · 2 mg/kg of the 2% solution · Intra-articular · Single dose · 100-120 min · Injected into the elbow joint prior to arthroscopy; found to decrease the haemodynamic response to surgery.
- Local or perineural blockade · Inject the minimal volume required to achieve an effect · Local/Perineural · Single dose · 100-120 min · Toxic doses have not been established in companion animals.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Intravenous (IV) injection
不良反應
- Convulsions (associated with inadvertent IV injection or overdose)
- Cardiac arrest (associated with inadvertent IV injection or overdose)
監測
- Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
- Blood pressure
- Neurological status (monitor for signs of toxicity such as muscle twitching or seizures)
過量
Toxic doses of mepivacaine have not been established in companion animals. Inadvertent intravenous injection or massive overdose may cause severe systemic toxicity, manifesting as **convulsions** and/or **cardiac arrest**. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic (e.g., seizure control, cardiovascular support, potentially intravenous lipid emulsion therapy).
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。