麥角林 / 麥角靈
**麥角林 (Metergoline)** 是一種**麥角衍生物**，在獸醫學中主要用於治療犬隻的**假懷孕 (pseudopregnancy)**。 主要臨床重點： - 作為**泌乳素抑制劑**，可停止與假懷孕相關的不必要泌乳及行為改變。 - 曾被研究於妊娠最後3週以高劑量作為墮胎藥使用。 - 在美國無商業化產品，但在歐洲和南美洲廣泛使用。 - 在人類醫學中，用於治療高泌乳素血症及預防偏頭痛。
作用機制: Metergoline reduces prolactin secretion primarily through its **serotonin receptor antagonism**. Mechanistic pathway: - **Serotonin (5-HT) antagonism** → Inhibition of prolactin release from the anterior pituitary. - Unlike other prolactin inhibitors (e.g., cabergoline, bromocriptine), it possesses strong central and peripheral anti-serotonin effects. - Exhibits weak direct **dopamine-2 (D2) agonist** effects and acts as an antagonist at **dopamine-1 (D1) receptors**.
各物種劑量
- Treatment of pseudopregnancy or to halt post-partum lactation · 0.125 mg/kg PO twice a day · PO · q12h · 4-8 days
- Treatment of pseudopregnancy · 0.5 mg/kg (500 micrograms/kg) PO twice a day · PO · q12h · 4-5 days · Occasional failures can be dealt with by repeating the treatment protocol and extending it to 8 to 10 days, or by using joint protocols of cabergoline plus metergoline or cabergoline plus bromocriptine.
- Treatment of pseudopregnancy · 0.1 mg/kg, PO twice a day · PO · q12h · 8 to 10 days
- Treatment of pseudopregnancy · 0.1 mg/kg q12h PO with food · PO · q12h · 10 days · Side effects were limited to hyperexcitation and nausea, did not lead to termination of therapy, and gradually dissipated during the second week.
- To induce estrus · 0.1 mg/kg PO twice a day · PO · q12h · From 100 days after ovulation until the following proestrus · Results have been variable depending on dosage. Can significantly shorten the interoestrous interval.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Pregnancy (unless abortion is desired)
- Nursing mothers
- Hypersensitivity to ergot derivatives
不良反應
- Anxiety
- Aggressiveness
- Depression
- Hyperexcitation
- Whining
- Escaping behavior
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Nausea
藥物相互作用
- Bromocriptine · May cause additive effects if used with metergoline
- Cabergoline · May cause additive effects if used with metergoline
- Cyproheptadine · May cause additive effects if used with metergoline
- Metoclopramide · Use with metergoline may reduce the efficacy of both drugs and should be avoided
- SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline) · Potentially could reduce the efficacy of each drug
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of pseudopregnancy signs)
- Adverse behavioral or GI effects
- Liver function tests (if used long-term)
過量
Little information is available regarding acute toxicity. **Vomiting** is the most likely clinical sign expected in an overdose situation. Treatment should be supportive and symptomatic.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。