酒石酸莫侖太爾
**酒石酸莫侖太爾 (Morantel tartrate)** 是一種四氫嘧啶類驅蟲藥，主要用於反芻動物（牛、綿羊和山羊）以清除成熟的胃腸道線蟲。 * **主要標靶**：成熟的捻轉血矛線蟲 (*Haemonchus spp.*)、奧斯特線蟲 (*Ostertagia spp.*)、毛圓線蟲 (*Trichostrongylus spp.*)、細頸線蟲 (*Nematodirus spp.*)、古柏線蟲 (*Cooperia spp.*) 和輻射食道口線蟲 (*Oesophagostomum radiatum*)。 * **臨床要點**：與吡喹酮 (pyrantel) 密切相關，莫侖太爾專為反芻動物配製。它具有非常寬的安全範圍，通常可安全用於懷孕動物。
作用機制: Morantel acts as a **depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent** in susceptible parasites. * **Nicotinic Agonist**: It possesses nicotine-like properties, mimicking **acetylcholine** at the parasite's neuromuscular junction → continuous depolarization → spastic paralysis of the worm → expulsion from the host's GI tract. * **Enzyme Inhibition**: It also inhibits **fumarate reductase** in *Haemonchus spp.*, disrupting the parasite's energy metabolism. > **Note**: Morantel has a slower onset of action compared to pyrantel but is approximately 100 times more potent.
各物種劑量
- Susceptible parasites · 10 mg/kg · PO · Single dose
- Susceptible parasites · 0.44 grams morantel tartrate per 100 lb. body weight · PO · Single dose · As a single therapeutic treatment. Conditions of constant worm exposure may require retreatment in 2-4 weeks.
- Susceptible parasites · 10 mg/kg · PO · Single dose
- Susceptible parasites · 9.68 mg/kg · PO · Single dose
- Susceptible parasites · 0.44 grams of morantel tartrate per 100 lbs of body weight · PO · Single dose · Feed at the rate of 10 lbs of premix per ton of food per 100 lbs of body weight.
- Susceptible parasites · 8.8 mg/kg · PO · Single dose
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- No absolute contraindications
不良反應
- Increased respiratory rates (at high doses)
- Profuse sweating (at high doses)
- Ataxia (at high doses)
- Cholinergic effects (at high doses)
藥物相互作用
- Bentonite · Do not add to feeds containing bentonite.
- Levamisole · Similar mechanism of action and toxicity; not recommended for concurrent use.
- Pyrantel · Similar mechanism of action and toxicity; not recommended for concurrent use.
- Organophosphates · Observation for adverse effects should be intensified if used concomitantly.
- Diethylcarbamazine · Observation for adverse effects should be intensified if used concomitantly.
- Piperazine · Has antagonistic mechanism of action; do not use with morantel.
監測
- Efficacy of parasite clearance (e.g., fecal egg counts)
- Signs of cholinergic toxicity (only if massive overdose is suspected)
過量
Morantel tartrate has a **large safety margin**. * **Cattle**: Dosages of up to 200 mg/kg (20 times recommended dose) resulted in no toxic reactions. Cattle receiving 2.5 times recommended dose for 2 weeks showed no toxic signs. * **Sheep**: Doses of 4 times recommended were given with no detectable deleterious effects. * **Mice**: The LD50 is 5 grams/kg. **Clinical signs of toxicity** (if they occur) may include: * Increased respiratory rates * Profuse sweating (in species with sweat glands) * Ataxia * Other cholinergic effects
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。