制黴菌素
Nystatin
別名: Canaural · Nystan · Nystatinum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topical antifungal therapy | apply to affected areas | topical | q8-12h | Until clinical resolution | 🌍 EU |
- Topical antifungal therapy: Often used for otitis externa or localized cutaneous candidiasis/malassezia.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topical antifungal therapy | apply to affected areas | topical | q8-12h | Until clinical resolution | 🌍 EU |
- Topical antifungal therapy: Often used for otitis externa or localized cutaneous candidiasis/malassezia.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
制黴菌素是一種廣效的多烯類抗黴菌藥物，特別針對念珠菌（尤其是白色念珠菌）具有顯著療效。它不會從胃腸道吸收，因此適用於局部/外用或胃腸道黴菌感染。
臨床提示： 由於它不會被全身吸收，口服劑型僅對胃腸道念珠菌病有效，而外用劑型則用於皮膚或耳部酵母菌感染（如馬拉色菌外耳炎）。
作用機轉
Nystatin binds to ergosterol, a major component of the fungal cell membrane. This binding → forms pores in the membrane → leads to potassium leakage → results in the death of the fungus.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to nystatin
不良反應
- Generally well tolerated due to lack of systemic absorption
- Rarely GI upset if given orally (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Mild irritation or hypersensitivity at the site of topical application (rare)
注意事項
Normal precautions should be observed. Not effective for systemic fungal infections as it is not absorbed from the GI tract.
監測
- Resolution of clinical signs of fungal/yeast infection
- Skin/ear cytology to confirm clearance of Malassezia or Candida
藥物動力學
吸收
Not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, skin, or mucous membranes.
分佈
Acts locally in the GI tract or on the skin/mucous membranes where applied.
代謝
Not systemically metabolized.
排除
Excreted unchanged in the feces after oral administration.
過量
Overdose is highly unlikely to cause systemic toxicity due to the lack of gastrointestinal absorption. Massive oral overdose may cause mild gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, diarrhea).
可用產品
劑型
- Oral suspension: 100,000 IU/ml
- Topical: various products (often in combination with glucocorticoids and antibiotics, e.g., Canaural)
獸醫用
- Canaural (combination product with diethanolamine fusidate, framycetin, and prednisolone)
人用標示
- Nystan oral suspension 100,000 IU/ml
- Nystatin oral suspension 100,000 IU/ml
各地核准狀態
POM-V, POM
POM-V, POM
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep oral suspensions tightly closed.
飼主須知
制黴菌素是一種抗黴菌藥物，用於治療皮膚、耳朵或消化道的酵母菌感染。
- 給藥方式： 請嚴格按照獸醫的指示塗抹或餵食。如果使用滴耳液，請在指示下先清潔耳朵。
- 安全性： 由於它不會吸收到血液中，因此非常安全。
- 副作用： 罕見情況下，口服液可能會引起輕微的腸胃不適。外用時，如果皮膚非常敏感，可能會引起輕微發紅。
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