奧沙西泮
Oxazepam
7-chloro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
別名: Serax · oxazepamum · Wy-3498
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fears and phobias | 0.2-0.5 mg/kg | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Fears and phobias | 0.2-1 mg/kg | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Fears and phobias | 0.2-1 mg/kg | PO | one to two times a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Fears and phobias | 0.04-0.5 mg/kg | PO | q6h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Fears and phobias: The lowest dose and longest frequency between doses that alleviate the fear should be used.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appetite stimulant | 2 mg per cat (total dose) | PO | every 12 hours | — | 🌎 NA |
| Appetite stimulant (hepatic lipidosis) | 0.1-0.3 mg/kg | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Appetite stimulant | 0.25-0.5 mg/kg | PO | one to two times daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| Fears and phobias | 1-2.5 mg per cat (total dose) | PO | every 12 hours | — | 🌎 NA |
| Fears and phobias | 0.2-0.5 mg/kg | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Feline urine marking | 0.2-0.5 mg/kg | PO | once to twice a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| Spraying or overgrooming | 0.2-0.5 mg/kg | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Fears and phobias | 0.2-1 mg/kg | PO | q12h or q6h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Appetite stimulant (hepatic lipidosis): If cat has a small interest in eating
- Fears and phobias: The lowest dose and longest frequency between doses that alleviate the fear should be used.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
奧沙西泮是一種短至中效的苯二氮平類 (Benzodiazepine) 藥物，在獸醫學中主要用於犬貓的食慾促進劑和抗焦慮藥。
臨床要點與藥理優勢：
- 代謝特徵： 與地西泮 (Diazepam) 不同，奧沙西泮不經過第一階段肝臟代謝（氧化），且無活性代謝物。它僅透過第二階段的葡萄糖醛酸結合反應進行代謝。
- 老年與肝病患者的安全性： 由於其代謝途徑較簡單，對於老年病患或患有輕至中度肝功能障礙的動物，通常被認為是比地西泮更安全的替代選擇。
- 貓咪注意事項： 儘管其代謝特徵良好，但由於有少數軼事報告指出其可能引發特異體質性猛暴性肝衰竭，因此在患有肝炎或嚴重肝功能障礙的貓咪中使用仍具爭議。
- 行為治療用途： 可作為口服輔助抗焦慮藥，用於治療恐懼、恐懼症和尿液標記行為，但偶爾可能出現矛盾的興奮反應。
作用機轉
Oxazepam acts as a positive allosteric modulator at the GABA-A receptor complex in the central nervous system.
- Binding: It binds to specific benzodiazepine recognition sites on the GABA-A ligand-gated chloride channel.
- Mechanism: It enhances the inhibitory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by increasing the frequency of chloride channel openings.
- Pathway: Influx of chloride ions → neuronal hyperpolarization → decreased neuronal excitability.
- Clinical Effect: This depression of subcortical CNS levels (primarily limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic) produces the characteristic anxiolytic, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known benzodiazepine hypersensitivity
- Acute narrow angle glaucoma
不良反應
- Sedation (most common)
- Ataxia
- Paradoxical excitability, vocalization, or aggression
- Rebound anxiety or behavior worsening (if withdrawn abruptly)
- Rare precipitation of tonic-clonic seizures
- Rare idiosyncratic fulminant hepatic failure (cats)
注意事項
Important Warnings & Precautions:
- Hepatic Dysfunction: Use with caution. While less susceptible to accumulation than other benzodiazepines, rare anecdotal reports link oxazepam to fulminant hepatic failure in cats.
- Myasthenia Gravis: Benzodiazepines may exacerbate muscle weakness.
- Seizure Disorders: Use with caution in susceptible patients; rarely, it has precipitated tonic-clonic seizures.
- Pregnancy & Nursing: FDA Category D (teratogenic effects noted in animal models). Excreted in maternal milk; neonates metabolize the drug slowly, leading to potential toxic accumulation. Avoid in nursing mothers.
- Withdrawal: Avoid abrupt discontinuation to prevent rebound behavioral effects.
藥物交互作用
Additive CNS depression effects may occur.
May decrease oxazepam concentrations.
May impair glucuronide conjugation (in dogs) and prolong effects.
May induce hepatic microsomal enzymes and decrease the pharmacologic effects of benzodiazepines.
May decrease oxazepam effectiveness.
May decrease oxazepam effectiveness.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (improved appetite, reduced anxiety/fear)
- Adverse effects (degree of sedation, ataxia, paradoxical excitement)
藥物動力學
吸收
Absorbed from the GI tract, but is one of the more slowly absorbed oral benzodiazepines.
分佈
Widely distributed; highly bound to plasma proteins (97% in humans). May cross the placenta and enter maternal milk.
代謝
Principally conjugated in the liver via glucuronidation (Phase II) to an inactive metabolite. Lacks active metabolites.
排除
Excreted primarily as glucuronide conjugates.
過量
Signs of Toxicity: When used alone, overdoses are generally limited to significant CNS depression (confusion, coma, decreased reflexes, profound sedation).
Treatment:
- Decontamination: Standard protocols for removing and/or binding the drug in the gut (e.g., emesis induction if asymptomatic and recent, activated charcoal) if taken orally.
- Supportive Care: Systemic supportive measures (IV fluids, warming, respiratory support if needed).
- Antidote: Flumazenil (a specific benzodiazepine antagonist) could potentially be used in life-threatening overdoses.
- Contraindications: The use of analeptic agents (CNS stimulants such as caffeine, amphetamines) is generally not recommended.
可用產品
劑型
- Capsules
- Tablets
人用標示
- Oxazepam Capsules: 10 mg, 15 mg & 30 mg (generic; Rx; C-IV)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store oxazepam capsules and tablets at room temperature in well-closed containers.
飼主須知
重要提示： 奧沙西泮是一種處方藥，用於促進食慾或減輕焦慮。它屬於管制藥物。
- 促進食慾的給藥時間： 如果使用此藥物來幫助您的寵物進食，請在餵食前約30分鐘給藥以獲得最佳效果。
- 請勿突然停藥： 如果您的寵物因行為問題而服用此藥，請勿在未諮詢獸醫的情況下自行停藥或調整劑量。突然停藥可能會導致「反彈」效應，使焦慮或不良行為惡化。
- 注意步態不穩： 最常見的副作用是嗜睡和輕微的步態不穩（共濟失調）。在您了解藥物對寵物的影響之前，請讓牠們遠離樓梯或高處。
- 非預期反應： 極少數情況下，有些寵物可能會出現「矛盾」反應，變得過度活躍、發聲或具有攻擊性，而不是平靜下來。如果發生這種情況，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
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