胰脂酶 / 胰臟酵素
Pancrelipase
Pancreatic Enzymes (Lipase, Protease, Amylase)
別名: Viokase · Pancrezyme · Epizyme · Panakare · Pancrepowder Plus · Pancreved · Pancreatic Enzymes · Lipase/Protease/Amylase · Pancrelipasa
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency | 1-1.5 teaspoonsful with each meal mixed with food | PO | with each meal | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency | Initially, two teaspoons per 20 kg body weight per meal | PO | with each meal | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency | 1-2 teaspoonsful of powder or finely crushed nonenteric-coated tablets to each of two meals of balanced canine ration | PO | with each meal (twice daily) | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency | Maintenance dose is usually 1 teaspoonful per meal | PO | with each meal | — | 🌎 NA |
- Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: Mix with food thoroughly and allow to stand for 15-20 minutes before feeding. Best results are usually obtained by feeding small meals frequently (at least 3 times per day).
- Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: When clinical signs have resolved, gradually decrease to the lowest effective dose. Moistening the food pancreatic/powder mix appears to decrease the frequency of oral bleeding.
- Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: It is not necessary to incubate the enzyme preparation before feeding. Tailor regimen to maintain optimal body weight.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency | 0.5-0.75 teaspoonsful with each meal mixed with food | PO | with each meal | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency | 1 teaspoonful of powder or finely crushed nonenteric-coated tablets to each of two meals of balanced feline ration | PO | with each meal (twice daily) | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency | 0.5 teaspoonsful of powder per meal | PO | with each meal | — | 🌎 NA |
| Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency | Initially, one teaspoon per cat per meal | PO | with each meal | — | 🌎 NA |
- Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: Mix with food thoroughly and allow it to stand for 15-20 minutes before feeding. Best results are usually obtained by feeding small meals frequently (at least 3 times per day).
- Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: Cats that refuse to eat food treated with powder may be dosed with capsules filled with powder or crushed non-enteric coated tablets. Not necessary to incubate before feeding.
- Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: When clinical signs have resolved, gradually decrease to the lowest effective dose.
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastric trichobezoars (Rabbits) | 1 teaspoonful (5 mL) pancrelipase powder plus 3 teaspoonsful (15 mL) of yogurt; let stand for 15 minutes, then give 2-3 mL | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Gastric trichobezoars (Rabbits): Questionable efficacy for removing 'hairballs', but might help dissolve the protein matrix surrounding hair.
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency | 1/8 tsp per kg | PO | with meals | — | 🌎 NA |
- Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: Mix with moistened feed or administer by gavage. Incubate with food for 15 minutes prior to gavage.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
胰脂酶是主要從豬胰臟提取的消化酵素（脂肪酶、蛋白酶和澱粉酶）的組合。它是治療胰臟外分泌不足 (EPI) 的核心藥物。EPI 是一種胰臟無法合成和分泌足夠消化酵素的疾病，會導致嚴重的消化不良、多食但體重減輕以及大量脂肪便。
臨床要點：
- 由於胰腺腺泡萎縮，EPI 在德國牧羊犬和粗毛牧羊犬等特定品種中尤為常見。
- 診斷通常透過物種特異性的胰蛋白酶樣免疫反應 (TLI) 檢測來確認。
- 雖然療效顯著，但約有 15% 的犬隻可能對單純的酵素補充反應不佳，可能需要同時處理腸道菌群失調（抗生素反應性腸病）、調整飲食（如高消化率、低纖維飲食）或補充維生素 B12 (Cobalamin)。
作用機轉
Pancrelipase acts locally in the duodenum and jejunum to replace missing endogenous pancreatic enzymes, facilitating the breakdown of macronutrients into absorbable molecules:
- Lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides → free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
- Protease (including trypsin and chymotrypsin) cleaves peptide bonds in proteins → oligopeptides and free amino acids.
- Amylase hydrolyzes complex carbohydrates (starches) → dextrins and simple sugars (maltose).
These enzymes resolve maldigestion and secondary malabsorption, allowing the animal to properly absorb nutrients and gain weight.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to pork proteins
不良反應
- GI distress (diarrhea, cramping, nausea) at high doses
- Oral or esophageal ulcers (from concentrated enzymes)
- Oral bleeding (reported in dogs)
注意事項
Do not inhale the powder, as bronchial/lung irritation can occur and it may trigger asthma attacks in susceptible individuals. Avoid contact with mucous membranes or skin. Wash hands after handling. To prevent oral or esophageal ulcers, follow dosing with food or water. Moistening the food/powder mix may decrease the incidence of oral bleeding in dogs.
藥物交互作用
May diminish the effectiveness of pancrelipase
May increase the amount of pancrelipase that reaches the duodenum
監測
- Animal's weight
- Stool consistency and frequency
藥物動力學
吸收
Acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract; not significantly absorbed systemically.
分佈
Remains primarily within the gastrointestinal lumen.
代謝
Digested in the intestinal tract by other enzymes and normal digestive processes.
排除
Excreted in feces.
過量
Overdosage may cause diarrhea or other intestinal upset (cramping, nausea). The effects should be temporary; treat by reducing the dosage and providing supportive care if diarrhea is severe.
可用產品
劑型
- Powder
- Delayed-release capsules
- Delayed-release tablets
獸醫用
- Pancrelipase Powder containing (approximately) per teaspoonful (2.8 grams): 71,400 Units lipase; 388,000 Units protease; 460,000 Units amylase (Viokase-V Powder, Pancrezyme Powder, Pancrepowder Plus, Pancreved Powder, Epizyme Powder, Panakare Plus Powder)
人用標示
- Capsules, tablets, and powders containing lipase, protease, and amylase in varying units
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer, store at room temperature in a dry place in tight containers. When present in quantities greater than trace amounts, acids will inactivate pancrelipase.
飼主須知
重要處理注意事項
警告： 請勿吸入粉末！它會引起嚴重的黏膜刺激，並可能在易感人群中引發氣喘發作。
- 如果粉末灑在手上，請立即洗淨以防皮膚刺激。請勿讓粉末接觸眼睛。
給藥提示
- 終身治療： 胰臟外分泌不足 (EPI) 通常是永久性疾病。您的寵物可能終生每餐都需要服用此補充劑。
- 混合方式： 將粉末與濕潤的食物徹底混合。有些獸醫建議在餵食前讓混合物靜置 15-20 分鐘，以幫助預先消化食物並降低口腔潰瘍的風險。
- 貓咪： 貓咪通常不喜歡粉末的味道。如果您的貓拒絕進食，獸醫可能會建議將粉末裝入膠囊中。給予膠囊後務必餵食食物或水，以防食道受損。
注意事項
- 副作用： 注意是否有口腔出血或口腔潰瘍。如果發現此情況，請聯繫您的獸醫——他們可能會建議將食物弄得更濕潤或調整劑量。
- 監測： 記錄寵物的體重和糞便狀況。成功的治療將使寵物體重增加並排出正常、成形的糞便。
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