石蠟 / 礦物油
石蠟（液體石蠟或礦物油）在獸醫學中廣泛用作**潤滑性瀉藥**和**眼科人工淚液**。口服時用於治療便秘和毛球症（特別是貓）。局部使用時，用於潤滑眼睛並防止淚液蒸發。 > **臨床提示：** 口服液體石蠟時必須極度小心，因為有引發**吸入性肺炎**的嚴重風險。它無味且不會引起嘔吐反射，若強行餵食極易導致誤吸。
作用機制: Paraffin has two distinct mechanisms depending on the route of administration: * **Gastrointestinal (Laxative):** Acts as an emollient laxative. It coats the feces and intestinal mucosa → interferes with intestinal water resorption → softens stools and facilitates passage. * **Ophthalmic (Lubricant):** Acts as a lipid-based tear substitute. It mimics the **lipid layer** of the tear film → prevents aqueous tear evaporation and protects the corneal surface.
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Dysphagia or impaired gag reflex
- Vomiting patients
- Concurrent use with docusate sodium
- Prolonged daily use (due to vitamin malabsorption)
不良反應
- Aspiration pneumonia (if inhaled during oral administration)
- Anal seepage / oily perianal soiling
- Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (with chronic oral use)
- Granulomatous reactions (if absorbed into intestinal mucosa)
藥物相互作用
- Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) · Decreased intestinal absorption of vitamins with chronic paraffin use · moderate
- Docusate sodium · May increase the systemic absorption of mineral oil, leading to granuloma formation · major
監測
- Resolution of constipation
- Signs of respiratory distress or coughing (indicating possible aspiration)
- Fecal consistency
過量
Overdosage via the oral route primarily results in **diarrhea**, **anal seepage**, and profound **perianal soiling**. Chronic overdosage may lead to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins.
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