噴他脒
**噴他脒 (Pentamidine)** 是一種抗原蟲藥物，在獸醫學中主要作為犬**利什曼原蟲症 (Leishmaniosis)** 的二線或挽救性治療藥物，特別是當對五價銻藥物（如葡甲胺銻和葡萄糖酸銻鈉）產生抗藥性時使用。 > **警告：** 噴他脒是一種治療指數狹窄的高毒性藥物。必須仔細權衡其潛在的嚴重毒性損害（特別是對腎臟和肝臟）與治療效益。 **臨床提示：** 由於其顯著的毒性特徵以及有更安全的替代藥物（如別嘌呤醇和米替福新），噴他脒很少作為首選藥物。在開始治療前應始終尋求專科獸醫的建議。
作用機制: Pentamidine kills protozoans by interacting with **parasite DNA**. It is rapidly taken up by the parasites via a **high-affinity energy-dependent carrier** → disrupts DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis → leads to protozoal death.
各物種劑量
- Leishmaniosis (resistant cases) · 4 mg/kg · IM · q48-72h · Seek expert advice on treatment duration · Use only when resistance to pentavalent antimony drugs has occurred. Highly toxic.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Impaired liver function
- Impaired kidney function
- Rapid intravenous (IV) injection (due to severe cardiovascular effects)
不良反應
- Pain at the injection site
- Necrosis at the injection site
- Hypotension
- Nausea
- Salivation
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Hypoglycaemia
- Blood dyscrasias
藥物相互作用
- Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., Aminoglycosides, NSAIDs) · Increased risk of severe nephrotoxicity · major
監測
- Renal function (BUN, Creatinine, Urinalysis)
- Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) and Bilirubin
- Blood glucose concentrations
- Blood pressure (especially around the time of administration)
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) for dyscrasias
- Injection site for signs of necrosis
過量
Overdosage significantly increases the risk of severe **hypotension**, **hypoglycaemia**, **acute renal failure**, and **hepatotoxicity**. Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic, including IV fluid therapy to support blood pressure and renal perfusion, and dextrose supplementation for hypoglycaemia.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。