泊那珠利
Ponazuril
Toltrazolone sulfone
別名: Marquis · Toltrazolone sulfone · ICI-128436 · Ponalrestat
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neosporosis or Toxoplasmosis | 7.5-15 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis | 15-30 mg/kg PO once or repeated after 7-10 days | PO | once or repeated after 7-10 days | 1-2 doses | 🌎 NA |
- Neosporosis or Toxoplasmosis: Dose extrapolated between doses for horses and mice.
- Coccidiosis: Anecdotal
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neosporosis or Toxoplasmosis | 7.5-15 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 28 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis | 20 mg/kg PO daily | PO | q24h | 3 days | 🌎 NA |
- Neosporosis or Toxoplasmosis: Dose extrapolated between doses for horses and mice.
- Coccidiosis: Must be compounded for administration in kittens or cats. Associated with rapid resolution of diarrhea.
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive treatment of Eimeria species (Rabbits) | 20 mg/kg PO q24h | PO | q24h | 7 days | 🌎 NA |
| Eimeria macusaniensis (Camelids/Crias) | 20 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 3 days | 🌎 NA |
- Eimeria macusaniensis (Camelids/Crias): Dilute paste to 100 mg/mL before administration (e.g., 40g paste + distilled water to 60g total).
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cryptosporidium respiratory disease (Falcons) | 20 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 7 days | 🌎 NA |
- Cryptosporidium respiratory disease (Falcons): Given as a compounded suspension.
爬蟲類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidians (Bearded dragons) | 30 mg/kg PO twice 48 hours apart | PO | q48h | 2 doses | 🌎 NA |
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) | 5 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 28 days | 🌎 NA |
- Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM): See package insert for specific dosing instructions.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
泊那珠利 (Ponazuril) 是一種經 FDA 批准的三嗪類抗原蟲藥物，主要用於治療由神經肉孢子蟲 (Sarcocystis neurona) 引起的馬原蟲性脊髓腦炎 (EPM)。
臨床重點：
- 它是妥曲珠利 (toltrazuril) 的活性代謝物。
- 雖然標籤適應症為馬，但由於其療效佳且相對安全，越來越多被標籤外用於小動物、特寵和反芻動物，治療球蟲病、新孢子蟲病和弓形蟲病。
- 它能穿透血腦屏障，因此對中樞神經系統的原蟲感染有效。
作用機轉
Ponazuril targets the apicoplast (plastid body), an essential organelle found specifically in members of the Apicomplexa phylum (which includes Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma, Neospora, and Eimeria).
Inhibition of the apicoplast → Disruption of the organism's ability to synthesize essential fatty acids and amino acids → Protozoal death (cidal activity).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- No absolute contraindications noted, but other causes of ataxia should be ruled out before treating for EPM.
不良反應
- Blisters on nose and mouth
- Rash or hives
- Diarrhea or loose feces
- Mild colic
- Seizures (rare)
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs (especially predisposed breeds or at high doses)
注意事項
Safety during pregnancy or in lactating mares has not been evaluated. Use with caution in dogs predisposed to Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) and monitor tear production. The commercial equine paste is highly concentrated and must be properly diluted/compounded for accurate dosing in small animals and exotics.
監測
- Clinical efficacy and resolution of neurological or gastrointestinal signs
- Tear production (Schirmer Tear Test) in dogs, especially predisposed breeds
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
In horses, approximate bioavailability is 30% when administered orally in water. Bioavailability is significantly enhanced if dissolved in DMSO. In cattle, oral doses are relatively well absorbed.
分佈
In horses, peak serum levels are reached in about 18 days and peak CSF levels in about 15 days. Peak CSF levels are approximately 1/20th (0.21 mcg/mL) of those found in the serum.
代謝
Ponazuril is an active metabolite (sulfone derivative) of toltrazuril.
排除
Elimination half-life from serum in horses averages about 4.5 days (108 hours).
過量
In horses, daily doses of up to 30 mg/kg (6X the normal dose) primarily caused loose feces. Moderate edema of the uterine epithelium was noted on histopathology for female horses receiving the 6X dose. In dogs, overdose quantities have been associated with the development of Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS).
可用產品
劑型
- Oral paste (15% w/w)
獸醫用
- Ponazuril Oral Paste (15% w/w): 127-gram tubes; each gram contains 150 mg of ponazuril (Marquis)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store the paste at room temperature (15-30°C).
飼主須知
重要提示： 必須完全按照處方劑量和療程給藥才能發揮療效。
- 副作用： 如果發現寵物出現皮疹、蕁麻疹、口鼻周圍起水泡或胃腸道症狀（如腹瀉），請聯繫獸醫。
- 對於患有 EPM 的馬匹： 治療費用可能相當昂貴，且根據已存在的神經損傷程度，臨床改善可能有限或完全沒有改善。
- 對於犬隻： 請注意乾眼症的跡象（如瞇眼、眼睛發紅或出現濃稠分泌物），並及時向獸醫報告。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。