普氯哌嗪
Prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine (base, edisylate, maleate)
別名: Compazine · Compro · Prorazin · Stemetil · Tementil · chlormeprazine · prochlorpemazine
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an antiemetic | 0.5 mg/kg | IM or SC | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an antiemetic | 0.1 mg/kg | IM | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an antiemetic | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | IM or SC | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| All uses (motion sickness, emesis) | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q6-8h | — | 🌍 EU |
| All uses (motion sickness, emesis) | 0.5-1 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- As an antiemetic: Ensure adequate hydration
- As an antiemetic: Use with extreme caution in dehydrated or hypotensive animals
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As an antiemetic | 0.5 mg/kg | SC or IM | three times a day | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an antiemetic | 0.5 mg/kg | IM or SC | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| As an antiemetic | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | IM or SC | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| All uses (motion sickness, emesis) | 0.1-0.5 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q6-8h | — | 🌍 EU |
| All uses (motion sickness, emesis) | 0.5-1 mg/kg | PO | q8-12h | — | 🌍 EU |
- As an antiemetic: Ensure adequate hydration
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
普氯哌嗪（Prochlorperazine）是一種強效的吩噻嗪類止吐藥，在獸醫學中主要用於控制犬貓嚴重的噁心和嘔吐。
歷史上，它曾廣泛用於獸醫專用的複方產品（如含有抗膽鹼藥物的 Darbazine®），但目前多以仿單標示外使用（off-label use）人類藥物劑型。
臨床要點： 由於其廣泛的受體拮抗作用，普氯哌嗪對中樞性嘔吐非常有效。然而，由於它可能引起顯著的鎮靜作用和α-腎上腺素受體阻斷（導致低血壓），通常保留用於較新的標靶止吐藥（如 maropitant 或 ondansetron）無效或無法取得的病例。它還具有輕度的鎮靜和微弱的抗膽鹼特性。
作用機轉
Prochlorperazine exerts its antiemetic effects primarily by acting on the brain's emetic center and the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ). Its broad-spectrum efficacy is due to the antagonism of multiple receptor types:
- Dopaminergic (D2) Antagonism → Blocks dopamine signaling in the CRTZ, providing the primary antiemetic effect.
- Histaminergic (H1) & Cholinergic (M1) Antagonism → Contributes to anti-motion sickness efficacy and mild antispasmodic effects in the GI tract.
- Alpha-1 Adrenergic Antagonism → Causes peripheral vasodilation, which is responsible for the primary adverse effect of hypotension.
It also has strong extrapyramidal effects due to central dopamine blockade in the basal ganglia.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypovolemia or dehydration
- Shock
- Tetanus
- Strychnine intoxication
- Hepatic dysfunction (use with caution)
- Cardiac disease (use with caution)
不良反應
- Sedation
- Hypotension
- Muscle fasciculations and tremors (extrapyramidal signs)
- Prolactin release
- Depression
- Extrapyramidal reactions (rigidity, tremors, weakness, restlessness)
注意事項
Animals may require lower dosages of general anesthetics following phenothiazine administration. Use cautiously and at smaller doses in animals with hepatic dysfunction, cardiac disease, or general debilitation. Because of hypotensive effects, it is relatively contraindicated in patients with hypovolemia, dehydration, or shock. May exacerbate depression in patients with pre-existing CNS depression. Do not use for tetanus or strychnine intoxication due to extrapyramidal effects. Use with caution in very young or debilitated animals.
藥物交互作用
May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
May cause additive CNS depression if used with phenothiazines
Phenothiazines may decrease pressor effects
Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal)
Phenothiazines may potentiate the extrapyramidal effects of metoclopramide
May enhance the hypotensive effects of the phenothiazines; dosages of prochlorperazine may need to be reduced
Phenothiazines should not be given within one month of worming with these agents as their effects may be potentiated
Toxicity of the herbicide paraquat may be increased by prochlorperazine
Metabolism may be decreased if given concurrently with phenothiazines
Toxicity may be enhanced by prochlorperazine
Activity may be enhanced by phenothiazines
Increased blood levels of both drugs may result if administered together
Prochlorperazine may decrease anticoagulant effect
May cause additive CNS depression
May reduce GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to unopposed beta activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate
監測
- Cardiac rate, rhythm, and blood pressure (if indicated and possible to measure)
- Anti-emetic/anti-spasmodic efficacy
- Hydration and electrolyte status
- Body temperature (especially if ambient temperature is very hot or cold)
- Heart rate and rhythm
- CNS status (sedation level, extrapyramidal signs)
- Liver function (with prolonged use)
藥物動力學
吸收
Little specific information available; likely follows general patterns of other phenothiazine agents.
分佈
Likely follows general patterns of other phenothiazines. A related compound (chlorpromazine) is detected in maternal milk with a milk-to-plasma ratio of 0.5-0.7 or less.
代謝
Hepatic (assumed based on phenothiazine class).
排除
Likely follows general patterns of other phenothiazine agents.
過量
Overdose generally presents as an exaggeration of adverse effects, particularly profound sedation, hypotension, and extrapyramidal clinical signs (such as torticollis, severe tremors, muscle rigidity, and excessive salivation).
Treatment: Acute extrapyramidal signs have been successfully treated with injectable diphenhydramine in humans. Hypotension should be treated with intravenous fluids; avoid epinephrine due to the risk of "epinephrine reversal" causing further vasodilation.
可用產品
劑型
- Injection (edisylate salt)
- Oral tablets (maleate salt)
- Rectal suppositories (base)
- 12.5 mg/ml injectable solution (1 ml ampoule)
- 3 mg oral tablet
- 5 mg oral tablet
- 5 mg/5 ml oral syrup
獸醫用
- None currently available (Darbazine® is no longer marketed in the USA)
人用標示
- Prochlorperazine for Injection: 5 mg/mL in 2 mL vials
- Prochlorperazine Tablets: 5 mg & 10 mg (as maleate)
- Prochlorperazine Suppositories: 25 mg (as base)
- Stemetil 12.5 mg/ml injection
- Stemetil 3 mg tablets
- Stemetil 5 mg tablets
- Stemetil 5 mg/5 ml syrup
各地核准狀態
Not a first choice; used off-label under the prescribing cascade as maropitant and metoclopramide are authorized.
POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Used under the cascade.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature. Avoid temperatures above 40°C and below freezing. A slight yellowing of the oral or injectable solution has no effects on potency or efficacy, but do not use if a precipitate forms or the solution is substantially discolored.
飼主須知
重要安全提示： 給藥後請密切觀察您的寵物至少一小時。將牠們安置在安全、安靜的環境中，因為此藥物可能會引起嗜睡和步態不穩。
- 口乾： 您可能會注意到寵物有咂嘴的動作。可以在寵物的舌頭上滴少量的水，持續10-15分鐘來緩解。
- 尿液顏色改變： 此藥物可能會使尿液無害地變成粉紅色或紅棕色；這是正常現象，無需擔心。
- 何時應聯繫獸醫： 持續的嘔吐和腹瀉可能很嚴重。如果臨床症狀未緩解，請聯繫您的獸醫。如果您的寵物表現出異常行為、身體僵硬或出現其他異常的身體運動或震顫，請立即尋求獸醫協助。
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