普氯哌嗪

各物種劑量

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。

給藥途徑

禁忌症

• Hypovolemia or dehydration
• Shock
• Tetanus
• Strychnine intoxication
• Hepatic dysfunction (use with caution)
• Cardiac disease (use with caution)

不良反應

• Sedation
• Hypotension
• Muscle fasciculations and tremors (extrapyramidal signs)
• Prolactin release
• Depression
• Extrapyramidal reactions (rigidity, tremors, weakness, restlessness)

藥物相互作用

• Antacids · May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines · moderate
• Antidiarrheal mixtures (e.g., Kaolin/pectin, bismuth subsalicylate) · May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
• CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics) · May cause additive CNS depression if used with phenothiazines
• Dopamine · Phenothiazines may decrease pressor effects
• Epinephrine · Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal)
• Metoclopramide · Phenothiazines may potentiate the extrapyramidal effects of metoclopramide
• Opiates · May enhance the hypotensive effects of the phenothiazines; dosages of prochlorperazine may need to be reduced
• Organophosphate Agents · Phenothiazines should not be given within one month of worming with these agents as their effects may be potentiated
• Paraquat · Toxicity of the herbicide paraquat may be increased by prochlorperazine
• Phenytoin · Metabolism may be decreased if given concurrently with phenothiazines
• Physostigmine · Toxicity may be enhanced by prochlorperazine
• Procaine · Activity may be enhanced by phenothiazines

監測

• Cardiac rate, rhythm, and blood pressure (if indicated and possible to measure)
• Anti-emetic/anti-spasmodic efficacy
• Hydration and electrolyte status
• Body temperature (especially if ambient temperature is very hot or cold)
• Heart rate and rhythm
• Blood pressure
• CNS status (sedation level, extrapyramidal signs)
• Liver function (with prolonged use)

過量

Overdose generally presents as an exaggeration of adverse effects, particularly profound sedation, hypotension, and **extrapyramidal clinical signs** (such as torticollis, severe tremors, muscle rigidity, and excessive salivation). > **Treatment:** Acute extrapyramidal signs have been successfully treated with injectable **diphenhydramine** in humans. Hypotension should be treated with intravenous fluids; avoid epinephrine due to the risk of "epinephrine reversal" causing further vasodilation.