丙戊茶鹼
丙戊茶鹼是一種黃嘌呤衍生物，主要在獸醫學中用於改善周邊和腦部血管的血流。它通常開立給老年犬，以控制與年齡相關的認知功能障礙（犬認知功能障礙）和嗜睡。 **臨床提示：** 雖然它能改善血流並具有輕微的支氣管擴張作用，但最常用於改善老年犬的精神狀態和活動力。
作用機制: Propentofylline acts primarily via the **inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE)**, which increases intracellular cAMP levels. * **Vasodilation:** Increases blood flow to the heart, skeletal muscle, and central nervous system (CNS). * **Cardiac effects:** Exhibits positive inotropic (increased contractility) and chronotropic (increased heart rate) effects, alongside mild antiarrhythmic properties. * **Respiratory effects:** Acts as a bronchodilator. * **Hematologic effects:** Inhibits platelet aggregation and reduces peripheral vascular resistance.
各物種劑量
- Dullness, lethargy, and depressed demeanor in older dogs (Canine Cognitive Dysfunction) · 3-5 mg/kg · PO · q12h · Long-term · Administer 30 minutes before feeding for optimal absorption.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Pregnant or lactating animals
- Breeding animals
- Severe cardiac disease (use with caution)
不良反應
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Anorexia
- Tachycardia
- Restlessness
- Allergic reactions (rare)
藥物相互作用
- Sympathomimetics · Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias and excessive CNS stimulation · moderate
- Theophylline · Increased plasma concentrations and risk of xanthine toxicity · major
監測
- Clinical response (improvement in demeanor/activity)
- Heart rate and rhythm
- Gastrointestinal signs
過量
Overdose may lead to exaggerated pharmacological effects, including **tachycardia**, **hypotension**, **restlessness**, **tremors**, and **gastrointestinal distress** (vomiting). Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。