丙泊酚
Propofol
2,6-diisopropylphenol
別名: Rapinovet · Diprivan · PropoClear · Fresenius Propoven · Norofol · Procare · PropoFlo Plus · Propofol-Lipuro Vet · disoprofol · ICI-35868 · propofolum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
經審核的 v13 劑量證據
經審核的非計算證據經審核的非計算證據 (16)
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Ball pythons/anesthetic induction for isoflurane maintenance, but prolonged recovery; mild, resolving cardiac lesions
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg intracardiac222. Species/Comments: Ball pythons/anesthetic induction for isoflurane maintenance, but prolonged recovery; mild, resolving cardiac lesions.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Chelonians/lower dosages (5–10 mg/kg IV295) may be used; 1 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance295
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 12–15 mg/kg IV68,318. Species/Comments: Chelonians/lower dosages (5–10 mg/kg IV295) may be used; 1 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance295.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
If administered in supravertebral sinus, be aware for potential submeningeal delivery;271 see ketamine for combination; anesthesia; rapid, smooth induction; may give 15–25 min anesthesia and restraint in most species; rapid, excitement-free recovery; must be administered IV (slowly; no inflammation if goes perivascularly); may be administered IO; dosages may be reduced by as much as 50% in premedi
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: —. Species/Comments: If administered in supravertebral sinus, be aware for potential submeningeal delivery;271 see ketamine for combination; anesthesia; rapid, smooth induction; may give 15–25 min anesthesia and restraint in most species; rapid, excitement-free recovery; must be administered IV (slowly; no inflammation if goes perivascularly); may be administered IO; dosages may be reduced by as much as 50% in premedicated (e.g., ketamine) animals; may cause apnea and bradycardia; intubation and assisted ventilation generally required; considered by many to be parenteral agent of choice for inducing anesthesia.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Red-eared sliders/60–120 min anesthesia
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 20 mg/kg IV (supravertebral sinus)350. Species/Comments: Red-eared sliders/60–120 min anesthesia.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Most species/maintenance anesthesia; must provide respiratory and thermal support
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 0.3–0.5 mg/kg/min IV, IO constant rate infusion, or 0.5–1 mg/kg IV, IO periodic bolus298. Species/Comments: Most species/maintenance anesthesia; must provide respiratory and thermal support.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Snakes
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 5–10 mg/kg IV, intracardiac9,288. Species/Comments: Snakes.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Red-eared sliders/40–85 min anesthesia
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg IV (supravertebral sinus)350. Species/Comments: Red-eared sliders/40–85 min anesthesia.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Lizards, snakes/0.25 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance;99 green iguanas/anesthetic induction242
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg IV, IO24,71,242. Species/Comments: Lizards, snakes/0.25 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance;99 green iguanas/anesthetic induction242.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Snapping turtles/anesthetic induction
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 5 mg/kg IV106. Species/Comments: Snapping turtles/anesthetic induction.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Iguanas/higher dose is recommended for induction for short-duration procedures or intubation
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 5–10 mg/kg IV, IO24. Species/Comments: Iguanas/higher dose is recommended for induction for short-duration procedures or intubation.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Bearded dragons/effective for induction of anesthesia; respiratory depression noted; apnea in 2/8 animals
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg IV262. Species/Comments: Bearded dragons/effective for induction of anesthesia; respiratory depression noted; apnea in 2/8 animals.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Lizards (iguanas)/intubation and minor diagnostic procedures; may need to give an additional dose in 3–5 min; less cardiopulmonary depression than with higher doses
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 3–5 mg/kg IV, IO119,120. Species/Comments: Lizards (iguanas)/intubation and minor diagnostic procedures; may need to give an additional dose in 3–5 min; less cardiopulmonary depression than with higher doses.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Giant tortoises
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 2 mg/kg IV22. Species/Comments: Giant tortoises.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Chelonians/sedation (i.e., shell repair)
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 3–5 mg/kg IV supravertebral sinus81. Species/Comments: Chelonians/sedation (i.e., shell repair).
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
Crocodilians/duration, 0.5–1.5 hr; maintain on gas anesthetics; experimental IM with hyaluronidase
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10–15 mg/kg IV187. Species/Comments: Crocodilians/duration, 0.5–1.5 hr; maintain on gas anesthetics; experimental IM with hyaluronidase.
僅供證據參考，不會自動計算
South American rattlesnakes/anesthetic induction
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 15 mg/kg IV27. Species/Comments: South American rattlesnakes/anesthetic induction.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
丙泊酚是一種短效、高脂溶性的靜脈麻醉劑，在獸醫學中廣泛用於全身麻醉的誘導與維持。由於其起效迅速且恢復平穩，特別適用於門診診斷或小型手術。
主要臨床特徵：
- 起效與恢復迅速： 在30-60秒內誘導麻醉；由於藥物從中樞神經系統重新分佈至其他組織，恢復通常平穩且快速。
- 器官功能： 對於患有輕至中度心臟疾病、肝臟或腎臟疾病的動物使用安全。
- 標示外使用： 常以連續靜脈輸注 (CRI) 用於難治性癲癇重積狀態，特別是在肝性腦病等禁用戊巴比妥的情況下。
- 貓的注意事項： 貓缺乏狗所具備的強效葡萄糖醛酸結合代謝途徑，因此在連續每日使用或長時間輸注時，容易出現恢復延長、海因茲小體貧血 (Heinz body anemia) 及不適感。
臨床要點： 丙泊酚不具備鎮痛作用。對於會產生疼痛的處置，必須合併使用適當的圍手術期鎮痛方案（如鴉片類藥物、非類固醇消炎藥、局部麻醉阻斷）。
作用機轉
While the monograph notes the mechanism is not well understood, modern pharmacological consensus indicates that propofol primarily acts as a positive allosteric modulator of inhibitory GABA_A receptors in the central nervous system.
- Mechanism: Propofol binds to GABA_A receptors → increases the inward conductance of chloride ions → hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic neuronal membrane → profound CNS depression and hypnosis.
- Cardiovascular & Respiratory: Causes dose-dependent direct myocardial depression, vasodilation (arterial hypotension), and significant respiratory depression (apnea is common with rapid boluses).
- Other Effects: Decreases intraocular pressure (IOP), possesses antiemetic properties, and at sub-anesthetic doses, can act as an appetite stimulant in dogs.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to propofol or any component of the product
- Patients where general anesthesia or sedation is strictly contraindicated
- Use of benzyl alcohol-preserved formulations for maintenance of anaesthesia via continuous rate infusion (CRI)
不良反應
- Transient respiratory depression and apnea (especially with rapid IV administration)
- Arterial hypotension and bradycardia
- Cyanosis (secondary to apnea)
- Seizure-like clinical signs during induction (paddling, opisthotonus, myoclonic twitching)
- Histamine release and rare anaphylactoid reactions
- Cats (with repeated/prolonged use): Heinz body anemia, slowed recovery, anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea
- Apnoea (especially with rapid injection)
- Severe hypotension
- Muscle rigidity and tremors (dogs)
- Paradoxical muscle movements (dogs)
- Heinz body anaemia (cats, with repeated daily use)
- Pain on IV injection
注意事項
Important Warnings:
- Respiratory Support: Propofol should only be used in facilities where intubation and artificial ventilation capabilities are immediately available.
- Administration Rate: Give slowly (e.g., 25% of calculated dose every 30 seconds) to minimize the risk of severe apnea and cyanosis.
- Patient Status: Use with extreme caution in patients in shock, under severe stress, or with severe trauma, hypoproteinemia, or hyperlipidemia.
- Feline Patients: Cats with preexisting liver disease may have prolonged recoveries. Repeated daily use or prolonged CRI in cats can cause oxidative RBC injury (Heinz body anemia).
- Handling (Macroemulsion): Contains no preservatives and is an excellent growth medium for bacteria. Handle with strict asepsis and discard unused portions within 6 hours.
藥物交互作用
Propofol serum concentrations may be increased; propofol induction may require higher initial inhalant concentrations due to rapid recovery.
Propofol dosage requirements for sedation or hypnosis may be reduced.
Propofol-induced bradycardia may be exacerbated, particularly when opiate premedicants are used.
May decrease clearance of propofol and increase recovery times.
When used as a premed, may reduce propofol dosage requirements.
Increased sedative, anesthetic, and cardiorespiratory depression possible; propofol dose should generally be reduced by ~25%.
May potentially increase recovery times associated with propofol (especially significant in cats).
Increased risk for bradycardia.
Hypoxemia may occur when propofol is used after medetomidine; dosage adjustments and adequate monitoring required.
May reduce the propofol dose required for induction by 20-25%.
Synergistic effects; midazolam plasma concentrations may be increased up to 20%.
May increase the serum concentrations of both the opiate and propofol if used together; markedly reduces propofol induction requirements.
Synergistic CNS depression; significantly reduces the dose of propofol required for induction and maintenance
Synergistic CNS depression; reduces propofol dose requirements
監測
- Level of anesthesia/CNS effects
- Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (monitor for apnea/cyanosis)
- Cardiovascular status (cardiac rate/rhythm, blood pressure, pulse oximetry)
- Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (capnography recommended)
- Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
- Oxygen saturation (SpO2)
- Depth of anaesthesia
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier after IV administration. Onset of action is usually within one minute.
分佈
Highly bound to plasma proteins (95-99%). Highly lipophilic. Crosses the placenta and enters maternal milk. Steady state volume of distribution in dogs is >3 L/kg. Short duration of action (2-5 minutes) is principally due to rapid redistribution from the CNS to other tissues.
代謝
Rapidly biotransformed in the liver via glucuronide conjugation to inactive metabolites. Cats do not glucuronidate as well as dogs, leading to potential toxicity with consecutive day administration.
排除
Inactive metabolites are excreted primarily by the kidneys. Clearance in dogs is about 50 mL/kg/min.
過量
Overdosages are likely to cause significant respiratory depression (apnea) and potentially severe cardiovascular depression (hypotension, bradycardia).
Treatment:
- Immediately discontinue propofol administration.
- Establish an airway and provide artificial ventilation with 100% oxygen.
- Administer symptomatic and supportive treatment for cardiovascular depression (e.g., intravenous fluid therapy, vasopressors, anticholinergics like atropine or glycopyrrolate).
可用產品
劑型
- Macroemulsion injection (10 mg/mL)
- Microemulsion injection (10 mg/mL)
- Injectable: 10 mg/ml solution (lipid emulsion without preservative)
- Injectable: 10 mg/ml solution (lipid emulsion with benzyl alcohol preservative)
獸醫用
- Propofol Injectable (macroemulsion): 10 mg/mL in 5 mL and 20 mL vials (Rapinovet, PropoFlo)
- Propofol Injectable (microemulsion): 10 mg/mL in 20 mL, 50 mL and 100 mL multi-dose vials (PropoClear)
- Norofol 10 mg/ml
- Procare 10 mg/ml
- PropoFlo Plus 10 mg/ml
- PropoFol 10 mg/ml
- Propofol-Lipuro Vet 10 mg/ml
- Rapinovet 10 mg/ml
人用標示
- Propofol Injectable Emulsion: 10 mg/mL in 20 mL amps & vials, 50 mL & 100 mL vials, infusion vials, and prefilled syringes (Diprivan, Propoven)
- Diprivan 10 mg/ml
- Propofol 10 mg/ml
- Propofol 20 mg/ml
各地核准狀態
POM-V classification.
POM-V classification.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Macroemulsion: Store below 22°C (72°F), but not below 4°C (40°F). Do not refrigerate or freeze. Protect from light. Shake well. Discard unused portion after 6 hours. Microemulsion: Store at controlled room temperature, protected from light. Do not store above 30°C or refrigerate. Discard unused portions 28 days after first use.
飼主須知
丙泊酚是一種由獸醫師注射的速效麻醉劑，用於讓您的寵物在手術或小型處置期間入睡。
- 作用迅速： 它的起效非常快（通常在一分鐘內），並且在處置結束後會迅速消退，讓寵物能平穩且快速地甦醒。
- 安全性高： 它通常非常安全，即使對於患有輕微心臟、肝臟或腎臟疾病的寵物也是如此。在您的寵物入睡期間，獸醫團隊會密切監測其呼吸和心跳。
- 非止痛藥： 丙泊酚能讓寵物入睡，但沒有止痛效果。您的獸醫師會搭配其他藥物使用，以確保寵物感到舒適且無痛。
- 貓咪注意事項： 如果您的貓咪需要連續幾天進行麻醉，獸醫師可能會選擇其他藥物，因為貓咪代謝丙泊酚的速度比狗慢。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。