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偽麻黃鹼

Pseudoephedrine

Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride

擬交感神經藥PO狗貓馬

別名: Equiphed · Sudafed · Equi-Phar Equi-Hist 1200 Granules · Drixoral · Histgranules · Tri-Hist · Kid Kare · pseudoephedrini · pseudoephedrina

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

0.2-0.4 mg/kg [or practically, 15-60 mg (total dose) per dog]PO· q8-12h
— 🐕

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
For urinary incontinence, or as a decongestant0.2-0.4 mg/kg [or practically, 15-60 mg (total dose) per dog]POq8-12h—🌎 NA
To increase urethral tone1.5 mg/kgPOtwo to three times a day—🌎 NA
For retrograde ejaculation4-5 mg/kgPOthree times daily or 1 to 3 hours before semen collection or attempted breeding may be tried.—🌎 NA

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
As a decongestant1 mg/kgPOq8h—🌎 NA

馬

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
For use when an antihistamine/decongestant may be useful using the pyrilamine/pseudoephedrine oral granules½ ounce (1 tablespoonful) per 1,000 lb body weight. May mix with feed and repeated at 12 our intervals if needed.POq12h—🌎 NA
  • For use when an antihistamine/decongestant may be useful using the pyrilamine/pseudoephedrine oral granules: Do not use at least 72 hours before sporting events. ARCI UCGFS CLASS 3 DRUG.

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

偽麻黃鹼是一種口服​擬交感神經胺​。在獸醫學中，當苯丙醇胺 (PPA) 無法取得或有禁忌症時，它主要被用作犬隻​尿道括約肌機能不全 (USMI)​ 的二線治療藥物。它也可作為鼻腔去充血劑和逆行性射精的治療藥物。

​臨床重點：​ 與 PPA 相比，偽麻黃鹼在治療尿失禁方面的療效通常較差，且更容易引起不良反應（如焦躁和高血壓）。

由於它是非法合成甲基安非他命（冰毒）的前驅物，其銷售受到嚴格限制，在某些地區可能難以取得。

作用機轉

Pseudoephedrine acts as an indirect-acting sympathomimetic.

  • Enters sympathetic nerve terminals → stimulates the release of endogenous norepinephrine from storage vesicles.
  • Norepinephrine binds to alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the urethra and blood vessels → vasoconstriction and increased urethral sphincter tone (preventing urine leakage).
  • Also weakly stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors → positive chronotropic effects (increased heart rate) and mild bronchodilation.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Glaucoma
  • Prostatic hypertrophy
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Cardiovascular disorders
  • Hypertension

不良反應

  • Panting
  • Decreased appetite
  • Lethargy
  • Tachycardia
  • CNS excitement
  • Restlessness
  • Insomnia
  • Hypertension
  • Arrhythmias

注意事項

Use with caution in patients with glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, or hypertension. Restricted drug in USA; can be used as a precursor to manufacture methamphetamine. Safe use has not been established during pregnancy (FDA Category C in humans). Not recommended during breastfeeding as the drug enters maternal milk.

藥物交互作用

Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors (e.g., amitraz, selegiline)

Should not be given within two weeks of receiving MAOIs; risk of severe hypertension and toxicity.

Reserpine

Increased chance of hypertension if given concomitantly.

Other Sympathomimetic Agents (e.g., ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine)

Increased toxicity may result; should not be administered together.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (e.g., clomipramine, amitriptyline)

Increased chance of hypertension if given concomitantly.

監測

  • Efficacy (improvement in incontinence or congestion)
  • Heart rate
  • CNS stimulation (restlessness, agitation)
  • Appetite

藥物動力學

吸收

Rapidly and nearly completely absorbed from the GI tract. Food may delay the absorption somewhat, but not the extent.

分佈

In children, the apparent volume of distribution is about 2.5 L/kg.

代謝

Only partially metabolized.

排除

The bulk is excreted unchanged in the urine. Urine pH can affect excretion rates. Alkaline urine (pH 8) can prolong half-life while acidic urine (pH 5) can decrease it.

過量

Overdoses of pseudoephedrine can cause hyperthermia, mydriasis, tachycardia, hypertension, vomiting, disorientation, and seizures.

  • ​Toxicity Thresholds:​ In small animals, adverse reactions may develop at doses of 5-6 mg/kg. Deaths have occurred at doses >10-12 mg/kg.
  • ​Clinical Signs:​ Common findings in dogs include hyperactivity, tachycardia, agitation, mydriasis, restlessness, head bobbing, and panting. Cats commonly present with tachycardia.
  • ​Treatment:​ Large overdoses should be treated with gastric evacuation (if not contraindicated). Treat supportively and symptomatically (e.g., propranolol for tachycardia). Phenothiazines are preferred to treat hyperactivity, agitation, and tremors as diazepam may worsen dysphoria. Contact an animal poison control center for further guidance.

可用產品

劑型

  • Capsules
  • Extended/Controlled Release Tablets
  • Oral Liquid
  • Oral Drops
  • Oral Granules (with pyrilamine)

獸醫用

  • Pseudoephedrine HCl 600 mg/oz and Pyrilamine maleate 600 mg/oz Granules (Equiphed®, Equi-Phar Equi-Hist 1200 Granules®, Tri-Hist® Granules, Histgranules®)

人用標示

  • Pseudoephedrine HCl Tablets and Capsules: 30 mg & 60 mg
  • Extended/Controlled Release Tablets: 120 mg and 240 mg
  • Pseudoephedrine Liquid: 3 mg/mL and 6 mg/mL
  • Pseudoephedrine Oral Drops: 7.5 mg/0.8 mL

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Oral pseudoephedrine products should be stored at room temperature in tight containers. Oral liquid preparations should be protected from light and freezing.

飼主須知

  • ​按時服藥：​ 請務必按照獸醫的指示給藥。漏服會導致症狀（如漏尿）迅速復發。可能需要幾天的時間才能看到完整療效。
  • ​注意副作用：​ 因為此藥物具有興奮作用，您的寵物可能會變得焦躁不安、過度喘氣或食慾不振。
  • ​何時聯繫獸醫：​ 如果您的寵物顯得過度激動、心跳過快，或者尿失禁沒有改善，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。

​安全警告：​ 請將此藥物放在所有寵物和兒童絕對接觸不到的地方。即使是少量的意外過量也可能非常危險。

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