雙羥萘酸噻嘧啶 (Pyrantel Pamoate)
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel pamoate
別名: Strongid T · Strongid Paste · Strongid C · Nemex-2 · Drontal Plus · Heartgard Plus · Tri-Heart Plus · Virbantel · Reese's Pinworm · Pin-X · CP-10423-16 · pyrantel embonate · pirantel pamoate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible parasites | For dogs weighing <5 lb: 10 mg/kg (as base) PO; for dogs weighing >5 lbs: 5 mg/kg (as base) PO. Treat puppies at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age. Treat lactating bitches 2-3 weeks after whelping. Do follow-up fecal 2-4 weeks after treating to determine need for retreatment. | PO | See dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| For hookworms, or roundworms | 5 mg/kg PO after meals; repeat in 7-10 days | PO | repeat in 7-10 days | — | 🌎 NA |
| Puppies | 5-10 mg/kg PO; can be repeated every 2-3 weeks until at least 12 weeks of age. | PO | every 2-3 weeks | until at least 12 weeks of age | 🌎 NA |
| For susceptible parasites | 20 mg/kg PO; be sure that liquid is well mixed before using; tablets may be broken for accurate dosing. | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
- Puppies: Can be treated as early as 2-3 weeks of age
- For susceptible parasites: Not FDA-approved for cats but very safe and effective.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible parasites using combination product with praziquantel (Drontal) | Administer a minimum dose of 2.27 mg praziquantel and 9.2 mg pyrantel pamoate per pound of body weight according to the dosing tables on labeling. | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ascarids, Hookworms, Physaloptera | 5 mg/kg, PO; repeat in 2 weeks (one time only for Physaloptera) | PO | repeat in 2 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| For susceptible parasites | 10 mg/kg PO, repeat in 3 weeks | PO | repeat in 3 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| Kittens | 5-10 mg/kg PO; can be repeated every 2-3 weeks until at least 12 weeks of age. | PO | every 2-3 weeks | until at least 12 weeks of age | 🌎 NA |
- For susceptible parasites using combination product with praziquantel (Drontal): May be given directly by mouth or in a small amount of food. Do not withhold food prior to or after treatment. If reinfection occurs, treatment may be repeated.
- Kittens: Can be treated as early as 2-3 weeks of age
小型哺乳類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rabbits: For susceptible parasites | 15-10 mg/kg PO, repeat in 2-3 weeks | PO | repeat in 2-3 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| Llamas: For susceptible parasites | 18 mg/kg, PO for one day | PO | Single dose | 1 day | 🌎 NA |
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psittacines: In endemic areas, outdoor breeding birds and their offspring should be routinely dewormed for ascarids | 25 mg/kg PO q2 weeks. | PO | q2 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| For intestinal nematodes | 100 mg/kg, PO as a single dose in psittacines and passerines | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible parasites | 6.6 mg/kg PO every 6-8 weeks for ascarid control in foals and every 4 weeks for ascarid control on some farms. For tapeworm control, double the dose (13.2 mg/kg PO) and use once to twice yearly. | PO | every 4-8 weeks or 1-2x yearly | — | 🌎 NA |
| For susceptible parasites | 6.6 mg (as base)/kg PO; 13.2 mg (as base)/kg for cestodes | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible parasites | Pyrantel tartrate: 25 mg/kg, PO | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To remove Ascaris suum or Oesophagostomum spp. | Pyrantel tartrate: 22 mg/kg PO (or in feed at a rate of 800 grams/ton) as a single treatment. For Ascaris suum only: in feed at a rate of 96 grams/ton (2.6 mg/kg) for 3 days. | PO | Single dose or 3 days | 1-3 days | 🌎 NA |
| For ascarids and nodular worms in potbellied pigs | 6.6 mg/kg PO | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
- To remove Ascaris suum or Oesophagostomum spp.: Label instructions from several pyrantel tartrate premix products
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible parasites | Pyrantel tartrate: 25 mg/kg, PO | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
山羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible parasites | Pyrantel tartrate: 25 mg/kg, PO | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
雙羥萘酸噻嘧啶是一種廣泛使用且極其安全的嘧啶類驅蟲藥，主要對多種動物腸道內的線蟲（如蛔蟲和鉤蟲）有效。
由於雙羥萘酸鹽在胃腸道的吸收極差，它能在目標寄生蟲所在的腸道管腔內達到高濃度。由於其極高的安全範圍和適口性佳的口服懸浮液劑型，它是獸醫小兒科（幼犬和幼貓常規驅蟲）的必備藥物。
臨床提示： 雖然對蛔蟲和鉤蟲非常有效，但標準劑量的噻嘧啶對鞭蟲（Trichuris spp.）和大多數絛蟲無效。然而在馬匹中，雙倍劑量可用於控制迴盲瓣絛蟲（Anoplocephala perfoliata）。馬圓線蟲和犬鉤蟲（Ancylostoma caninum）的抗藥性是目前日益受關注的臨床問題。
作用機轉
Pyrantel acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent in susceptible parasites.
- It binds selectively to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the somatic muscle cells of the nematode.
- This binding causes continuous depolarization and an influx of calcium → spastic paralysis of the worm.
- Paralyzed worms lose their ability to maintain attachment to the host's intestinal mucosa and are subsequently expelled alive in the feces via normal gastrointestinal peristalsis.
- It also possesses mild cholinesterase inhibitory properties, further contributing to the accumulation of acetylcholine at the parasite's neuromuscular junction.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Severely debilitated animals
不良反應
- Emesis (rare, primarily in small animals)
注意事項
Use with caution in severely debilitated animals. The drug is considered very safe for use during pregnancy (Class A in dogs/cats) and is safe to use in nursing veterinary patients.
藥物交互作用
Increased risk for adverse effects
Because of similar mechanisms of action (and toxicity), do not use concurrently
Because of similar mechanisms of action (and toxicity), do not use concurrently
Increased risk for adverse effects
Pyrantel and piperazine have antagonistic mechanisms of action; do not use together
監測
- Fecal egg count reduction testing (FECRT) for strongyle nematodes (especially in horses to monitor for resistance)
- Resolution of clinical signs of parasitism
- Routine fecal flotations 2-4 weeks post-treatment
藥物動力學
吸收
Pyrantel pamoate is poorly absorbed from the GI tract, allowing it to reach the lower GI in dogs, cats, and equines. Pyrantel tartrate is absorbed more readily than the pamoate salt. Pigs and dogs absorb pyrantel tartrate more so than ruminants, with peak plasma levels occurring 2-3 hours after administration.
分佈
Acts primarily locally within the gastrointestinal lumen due to poor systemic absorption of the pamoate salt.
代謝
The fraction of the drug that is absorbed is rapidly metabolized.
排除
Excreted into the urine and feces.
過量
Pyrantel has a moderate to wide margin of safety.
- Dosages up to approximately 7 times the recommended dose generally result in no toxic reactions.
- In horses, doses of 20X yielded no adverse effects.
- The LD50 in mice and rats for pyrantel tartrate is 170 mg/kg; >690 mg/kg for pyrantel pamoate in dogs.
- Chronic dosing of pyrantel pamoate in dogs resulted in clinical signs when given at 50 mg/kg/day, but not at 20 mg/kg/day over 3 months.
- Clinical signs of toxicity may include increased respiratory rates, profuse sweating (in species with sweat glands), ataxia, or other cholinergic effects.
可用產品
劑型
- Tablets
- Oral suspension
- Oral paste
- Top dress (granules/pellets)
- Soft-gel capsules
獸醫用
- Pyrantel Pamoate Tablets: 22.7 mg, 113.5 mg (Nemex Tabs)
- Pyrantel Pamoate Oral Suspension: 4.54 mg/mL (Nemex-2)
- Pyrantel Pamoate Oral Suspension: 50 mg/mL (Strongid T)
- Pyrantel Pamoate Oral Paste: 43.9% w/w (180 mg/mL) (Strongid Paste)
- Pyrantel Tartrate 1.06% Top Dress: 4.8 grams/lb (Strongid C)
- Combination Tablets: Praziquantel/Pyrantel pamoate (Drontal for Cats)
- Combination Chewables: Praziquantel/Pyrantel pamoate (Virbantel)
- Combination Tablets: Praziquantel/Pyrantel pamoate/Febantel (Drontal Plus for Dogs)
- Combination Chewables: Ivermectin/Pyrantel (Heartgard Plus, Tri-Heart Plus)
人用標示
- Pyrantel Pamoate Oral Suspension: 50 mg/mL & 144 mg/mL (Reese's Pinworm, Pin-X)
- Pyrantel Soft-gel Oral Capsules: 180 mg (Pin-Rid, Reese's Pinworm)
- Pyrantel Pamoate Oral Tablets: 180 mg & 720.5 mg chewable (Reese's Pinworm, Pin-X)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Pyrantel pamoate products should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature (15-30°C) unless otherwise directed by the manufacturer.
飼主須知
- 抽取劑量前請充分搖勻懸浮液，因為藥物成分會沉澱在瓶底。
- 可直接口服或混入少量食物中給予。給藥前後無需禁食。
- 給藥後 24-48 小時內，您可能會在寵物的糞便中看到完整、死亡或瀕死的寄生蟲。這是正常現象，表示藥物正在發揮作用。
- 本藥物極其安全，即使對非常年幼的幼犬和幼貓也是如此。副作用非常罕見，偶爾可能會出現嘔吐。
- 請遵循獸醫師建議的重複給藥時間表，因為單次給藥無法殺死正在移行階段的寄生蟲幼蟲。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。