吡哆醇 (維生素B6)
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B-6)
Pyridoxine hydrochloride
別名: Aminoxin · Vitelle Nestrex · Vitamin B6 · adermine · pyridoxal-5-phosphate · pyridoxamine · pirodoxamina · piridossima · piridoxolum · piridossina
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isoniazid (INH) toxicity | If quantity of INH ingested is known, give pyridoxine on a mg for mg (1:1) basis. If it is not known, give pyridoxine initially at 71 mg/kg as a 5-10% IV infusion over 30-60 minutes | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| To replace pyridoxine antagonized by crimidine ingestion | 20 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| To delay the development of cutaneous toxicity (PPES) associated with doxorubicin containing pegylated liposomes (Doxil®) | 50 mg | PO | q8h (three times daily) | During chemotherapy protocol period | 🌎 NA |
- Isoniazid (INH) toxicity: Some sources say it can be given as an IV bolus. Do not use injectable B-complex vitamins.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To replace pyridoxine antagonized by crimidine ingestion | 20 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
吡哆醇 (維生素B6) 是一種水溶性維生素，對許多代謝過程至關重要。在獸醫學中，其主要特定適應症是作為異煙肼 (INH) 或鼠毒強 (crimidine) 中毒的解毒劑，以及延緩與微脂體小紅莓 (Doxil®) 相關的皮膚毒性（掌蹠紅斑感覺異常症候群）。
臨床提示：雖然食用均衡商業飲食的犬貓很少出現飲食缺乏，但患有嚴重胃腸道疾病的貓可能對吡哆醇的需求增加。此外，體外研究表明，吡哆醇可以抑制貓乳腺腫瘤的生長。
作用機轉
Pyridoxine is converted in erythrocytes to pyridoxal phosphate and, to a lesser extent, pyridoxamine, which act as vital coenzymes for protein, lipid, and carbohydrate utilization.
- Neurotransmitter Synthesis: Required for the synthesis of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the CNS, and the conversion of tryptophan → serotonin or niacin.
- Metabolic Pathways: Essential for glycogen breakdown, heme synthesis, and the conversion of oxalate → glycine.
- Toxicity Antidote: Acts as an antidote by directly enhancing the renal excretion of cycloserine and isoniazid.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Documented hypersensitivity or sensitivity to pyridoxine
不良反應
- Paresthesias (reported in humans)
- Somnolence (reported in humans)
- Reduced serum folic acid levels
- Peripheral neuropathy (associated with massive overdoses)
注意事項
Weigh potential risks versus benefits in patients with documented sensitivity to pyridoxine. While very safe at recommended doses during pregnancy, very large doses during pregnancy can cause a pyridoxine dependency syndrome in neonates. Pyridoxine requirements of the dam may be increased during nursing.
藥物交互作用
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
May cause increased pyridoxine requirements
Pyridoxine may reduce levodopa efficacy (no interaction when levodopa is used with carbidopa)
High dose pyridoxine may decrease phenobarbital serum levels
High dose pyridoxine may decrease phenytoin serum concentration
監測
- Efficacy for intended use
- Neurologic signs (gait, coordination) if on high doses
藥物動力學
吸收
Absorbed from the GI tract primarily in the jejunum. Malabsorption syndromes can significantly impair pyridoxine absorption.
分佈
Pyridoxine is not bound to plasma proteins, but its active metabolite pyridoxal phosphate is completely bound to plasma proteins. Stored primarily in the liver with smaller amounts stored in the brain and muscle.
代謝
Biotransformed in the liver and various tissues to active coenzymes.
排除
Excreted almost entirely as metabolites into the urine.
過量
Warning: While single overdoses are generally not problematic unless massive, chronic high doses can cause severe neurologic toxicity.
- Massive Acute Overdose: Laboratory animals given 3-4 grams/kg developed seizures and died.
- Chronic Overdose: Dogs (Beagles) repeatedly given 3 gram oral daily doses developed uncoordinated gait and neurologic signs. Neuronal lesions were noted in sensory, dorsal root ganglia, and trigeminal ganglia. Signs generally resolved over a 2-month drug-free period.
可用產品
劑型
- Enteric-coated tablets
- Injection
獸醫用
- No single ingredient veterinary-labeled pyridoxine products are available (found in combination products)
人用標示
- Pyridoxine Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, & 500 mg
- Pyridoxine (as pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) Tablets (enteric-coated): 20 mg (Aminoxin®)
- Pyridoxine HCl Injection: 100 mg/mL in 1 mL vials
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Tablets should be stored below 40°C (104°F), preferably between 15-30°C (59-86°F), in well-closed containers protected from light. Injection should be stored at the same temperatures, protected from light and freezing. Injection can be administered undiluted or added to commonly used IV solutions. Compatible with doxapram and 10% fat emulsion. Incompatible with alkaline or oxidizing solutions, and iron salts.
飼主須知
重要提示：吡哆醇通常非常安全，但極高劑量可能會導致神經損傷。
- 請勿超過獸醫處方的劑量。
- 如果您的寵物出現任何異常的神經系統症狀，例如行走困難、絆倒或上下樓梯困難，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。