VetSheet

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸 (SAMe)

S-Adenosyl-Methionine (SAMe)

Ademetionine

肝臟保護劑 / 營養補充品PO狗貓

別名: Zentonil · Denamarin · Donamet · Gumbaral · Isimet · MoodLift · S Amet · Samyr · Transmetil · Tunik · Samylin · Hepatosyl · S-adenosyl-L-methionine · Sadenosylmethionine · SAM-e · Sammy · methioninyl adenylate · SAMe · AdoMet · S-adenosylmethionine

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

18 mg/kg (or based on weight: <5.5 kg: 90 mg; 5.5-11 kg: 180-225 mg; 11-16 kg: 225 mg; 16-29.5 kg: 450 mg; 29.5-41 kg: 675 mg; >41 kg: 900 mg)PO· q24h (may divide q12h if giving >1 tablet)
— 🐕

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
General dosing / Liver support18 mg/kg (or based on weight: <5.5 kg: 90 mg; 5.5-11 kg: 180-225 mg; 11-16 kg: 225 mg; 16-29.5 kg: 450 mg; 29.5-41 kg: 675 mg; >41 kg: 900 mg)POq24h (may divide q12h if giving >1 tablet)—🌎 NA
Liver Disease (necro-inflammatory/cholestatic, vacuolar hepatopathy)20 mg/kgPOq24h—🌎 NA
Liver disease, cognitive dysfunction, adjunctive therapyAt least 100 mg for every 10 kg or 20 mg/kgPOq24hLong-term as needed🌍 EU
  • General dosing / Liver support: Give on an empty stomach, at least one hour before feeding.
  • Liver Disease (necro-inflammatory/cholestatic, vacuolar hepatopathy): Give on an empty stomach; use a proven bioavailable product.
  • Liver disease, cognitive dysfunction, adjunctive therapy: Administer on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before food. Tablets should be given whole.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
General dosing / Liver support18 mg/kg (or based on weight: <5.5 kg: 90 mg; 5.5-11 kg: 180-225 mg)POq24h—🌎 NA
Liver Disease (necro-inflammatory/cholestatic, feline hepatic lipidosis)20 mg/kgPOq24h—🌎 NA
Liver disease, cognitive dysfunction, improve bile flow100 mg/cat or 20 mg/kgPOq24hLong-term as needed🌍 EU
  • General dosing / Liver support: Give on an empty stomach, at least one hour before feeding.
  • Liver Disease (necro-inflammatory/cholestatic, feline hepatic lipidosis): Give on an empty stomach; use a proven bioavailable product.
  • Liver disease, cognitive dysfunction, improve bile flow: Administer on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before food. Tablets should be given whole.

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

正在看診？VetSheet 的 AI 會把藥物、劑量與療程直接寫入結構化的看診紀錄。了解 VetSheet 如何運作

概覽

​S-腺苷甲硫氨酸 (SAMe)​ 是一種天然存在的內源性分子，也是獸醫學中廣泛使用的營養補充品，主要作為​肝臟保護劑​。

主要臨床應用包括：

  • ​肝臟疾病​：作為慢性肝炎、肝脂質沉積症、膽管肝炎及貓三體炎的輔助治療。
  • ​毒性管理​：透過補充耗竭的穀胱甘肽，在治療急性肝毒素（如​普拿疼/對乙醯氨基酚​或​木糖醇​中毒）引起的肝損傷中扮演關鍵角色。
  • ​其他用途​：可能對骨關節炎、與年齡相關的認知功能障礙（犬認知功能障礙症候群），以及長期服用具肝毒性潛力藥物（如苯巴比妥、洛莫司汀）的病患有益。

​臨床提示​：由於純 SAMe 具高反應性且不穩定，市售配方多使用各種鹽類（如甲苯磺酸鹽）以提高穩定性。不同產品間的生物利用度差異極大，強烈建議選擇信譽良好、專為獸醫設計的品牌。

作用機轉

SAMe is synthesized from the amino acid methionine and ATP via the enzyme SAMe synthetase. In liver compromise, this enzyme's activity is a rate-limiting step, leading to systemic SAMe deficiency. Exogenous SAMe bypasses this block and participates in three major biochemical pathways:

  • Transsulfuration → Generates sulfur-containing compounds → Precursor to ​Glutathione (GSH)​. Glutathione is the liver's master antioxidant, essential for ROS scavenging and cellular detoxification. Exogenous SAMe prevents GSH depletion.
  • Transmethylation → Serves as a methyl donor → Essential for phospholipid synthesis (e.g., phosphatidylcholine) → Maintains cell membrane structure, fluidity, and function.
  • Aminopropylation → Donates aminopropyl groups → Source of polyamines → Promotes anti-inflammatory effects, protein/DNA synthesis, and hepatocyte replication/regeneration.

Additionally, SAMe inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis secondary to alcohol or bile acid accumulation.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Use with caution in pregnant animals (safety not definitively proven)
  • No absolute contraindications documented
  • Use with caution during pregnancy (safety not established)

不良反應

  • Immediate post-dose vomiting
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea (reported in humans)
  • Diarrhea (reported in humans)
  • Flatulence (reported in humans)
  • Diarrhoea
  • Paradoxical anxiety
  • Dry mouth (reported in humans)
  • Headache (reported in humans)
  • Sweating (reported in humans)
  • Dizziness (reported in humans)

注意事項

There are no apparent absolute contraindications to the use of SAMe.

Pregnancy/Nursing: The safety of exogenous SAMe has not been definitively proven in pregnancy; use with caution. However, limited studies in laboratory animals and pregnant women with liver disease have not demonstrated ill effects. It is unknown if SAMe enters maternal milk.

藥物交互作用

TramadolMajor

Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects (serotonin syndrome)

MeperidineMajor

Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects

Dextromethorphan

Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects

PentazocineMajor

Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (e.g., selegiline)

Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., fluoxetine)

Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (e.g., amitriptyline, clomipramine)

Theoretical risk of additive serotonergic effects

SelegilineMajor

Additive serotonergic effects; potential for serotonin syndrome

FluoxetineMajor

Additive serotonergic effects; potential for serotonin syndrome

ClomipramineMajor

Additive serotonergic effects; potential for serotonin syndrome

AmitriptylineMajor

Additive serotonergic effects; potential for serotonin syndrome

ParacetamolModerate

SAMe may increase the clearance of drugs undergoing hepatic glucuronidation

DiazepamModerate

SAMe may increase the clearance of drugs undergoing hepatic glucuronidation

MorphineModerate

SAMe may increase the clearance of drugs undergoing hepatic glucuronidation

監測

  • Clinical signs (appetite, activity, attitude)
  • Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT)
  • Liver biopsies (if indicated)
  • Hepatic and erythrocyte glutathione levels (Note: may require 1-4 months before changes in lab values are noted)
  • Liver enzyme panel (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT)
  • Total bilirubin and bile acids
  • Clinical signs of cognitive improvement or behavioral changes
  • Signs of serotonin syndrome (agitation, tremors, hyperthermia) if used concurrently with serotonergic drugs

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓Short (rapidly metabolized)狗Short (rapidly metabolized)

吸收

Oral bioavailability is highly dependent on the stabilizing salt (tosylate ~1%, 1,4-butanedisulfonate ~5%). The presence of food in the gut substantially reduces absorption. Peak levels occur 1-6 hours post-dosing with enteric-coated tablets. Chewable formulations yield similar AUC but faster peak levels.

分佈

Enters portal circulation after absorption.

代謝

Primarily metabolized in the liver.

排除

In humans, 17% of a radiolabeled dose is recovered in urine within 48 hours; 27% in feces.

過量

SAMe appears to be quite safe. The LD50 in rodents exceeds 4.65 grams/kg. Toxicity studies in dogs and cats at usual prescribed dosages demonstrated no deleterious effects.

In the event of a massive overdose, mild gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) may be observed, but it is highly unlikely to require specific medical treatment beyond supportive care.

可用產品

劑型

  • Enteric-coated tablets
  • Chewable tablets
  • Oral tablets: 90 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 400 mg, 425 mg
  • Oral capsules: 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg
  • Oral powder: 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg
  • Nutraceutical mixtures (often combined with silybin/milk thistle)

獸醫用

  • Denosyl (Nutramax): 90 mg, 225 mg, & 425 mg enteric-coated tablets; 225 mg chewable tablets
  • Zentonil (Vetoquinol): 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg tablets
  • Denamarin (Nutramax): Combination product containing SAMe and silybin (silymarin)
  • Denamarin (SAMe + Silybin)
  • Zentonil Advanced
  • Samylin
  • Hepatosyl

人用標示

  • Various over-the-counter nutritional supplements (tablets/capsules of varying concentrations)
  • Various OTC SAMe dietary supplements (tablets and capsules)

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Classified as GSL (General Sale List) / nutraceutical.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Classified as GSL (General Sale List) / nutraceutical.

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at room temperature. Avoid conditions of high temperature or humidity. SAMe is inherently unstable in acidic or aqueous environments; store in tightly sealed, moisture-resistant containers (keep in original blister packs until use).

飼主須知

給予寵物 SAMe 的注意事項

  • ​給藥時機非常重要​：請在​空腹​時給予藥錠，最好在餵食前至少一小時。食物會大幅降低寵物身體吸收該補充品的能力。
  • ​請勿壓碎或剝半​：除非您使用的是專門的咀嚼錠配方，否則請勿壓碎、剝半或破壞腸溶錠。特殊的腸溶包衣能保護有效成分免受胃酸破壞，使其能順利在腸道中被吸收。
  • ​儲存方式​：在給藥前，請將藥錠保留在原廠的鋁箔包裝中。SAMe 對濕氣和空氣非常敏感，如果暴露在外會迅速降解失效。
  • ​保持耐心​：寵物的肝臟血液檢查指數可能需要數週到數月的時間才會看到改善，但您可能會更早觀察到牠們的活力和食慾有所好轉。

VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。