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七氟醚

Sevoflurane

Fluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether (Isopropyl ether derivative)

吸入性麻醉劑InhalationInhalational狗貓小型哺乳類雪貂馬豬羊

別名: SevoFlo · Ultane · Petrem · Sojourn · Sevocris · Sevorane · Sevotek · BAX-3084 · MR-654 · Sevofluranum · Fluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

經審核的 v13 劑量證據

經審核的非計算證據
經審核的非計算證據 (1)

僅供證據參考，不會自動計算

Most species/anesthesia; rapid induction and recovery when intubated

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Sevoflurane. Dosage: To effect15,279. Species/Comments: Most species/anesthesia; rapid induction and recovery when intubated.

高風險須由已驗證獸醫確認drug_regimen方案年份 2019審核 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

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概覽

​七氟醚 (Sevoflurane)​ 是一種高揮發性的鹵素類吸入性麻醉劑，廣泛應用於獸醫學中的全身麻醉誘導與維持。

主要藥理特徵包括：

  • ​低血液/氣體分配係數 (0.6)​：這使得肺泡與動脈間的平衡極為迅速，與異氟醚 (Isoflurane) 或氟烷 (Halothane) 相比，其麻醉誘導與甦醒時間大幅縮短。
  • ​無刺激性氣味​：與異氟醚不同，七氟醚不會刺激呼吸道，是特寵、易怒貓咪及幼年動物進行​面罩或麻醉箱誘導​的首選藥物。
  • ​血流動力學穩定​：與異氟醚相比，它引起的低血壓程度較輕，特別適合用於虛弱或老年的病患。

​臨床要點​：由於七氟醚能極快速地改變麻醉深度，在麻醉維持期間需要密切監測，以防止意外的麻醉過量。

作用機轉

The precise mechanism of inhalant anesthetics remains incompletely elucidated, but they primarily act by disrupting synaptic transmission within the central nervous system.

  • Lipid Matrix Interaction → Alters the function of neuronal membrane proteins.
  • GABA_A Receptors → Potentiates inhibitory neurotransmission, leading to profound CNS depression.
  • NMDA Receptors → Antagonizes excitatory glutamatergic signaling.
  • Glycine Receptors → Enhances inhibitory signaling in the spinal cord, contributing to skeletal muscle relaxation.

Due to its low solubility in blood, minimal amounts of sevoflurane need to dissolve before alveolar partial pressures equilibrate with arterial partial pressures, driving its rapid onset and offset of action.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Patients with a history or predilection towards malignant hyperthermia
  • Known hypersensitivity to sevoflurane or other halogenated anaesthetics
  • Known or suspected susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia

不良反應

  • Dose-dependent hypotension
  • Dose-dependent respiratory depression
  • Gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, ileus)
  • Myocardial depression and bradycardia (less than halothane)
  • Malignant hyperthermia (rare but life-threatening)
  • Temporary decreases in erythrocyte, white cell counts, and total protein in ferrets
  • Agitation or excitement during rapid recovery
  • Neonatal depression (crosses the placental barrier)

注意事項

WARNING: Compound A Formation Sevoflurane can react with desiccated (dried out) carbon dioxide absorbents to produce 'Compound A', a known nephrotoxin. Always ensure CO2 absorbents are fresh and avoid using extremely low oxygen flow rates (< 500 mL/min).

  • Rapid Action: Because of its rapid onset, use extreme caution not to overdose during the induction phase.
  • Rapid Recovery: Animals (especially large animals like horses) may wake up abruptly. Appropriate sedation during the recovery phase is critical to prevent injury.
  • Neurologic/Renal Disease: Use with caution in patients with increased CSF pressure, head injury, or renal insufficiency.
  • Species Specifics:
    • Rabbits: Can cause breath holding and struggling; premedication and close observation are required.
    • Guinea Pigs: May have a low margin of safety.
  • Geriatric Patients: May require lower concentrations of inhalation anesthetic.

藥物交互作用

Aminoglycosides, Lincosamides

May enhance neuromuscular blockade

Barbiturates (phenobarbital, pentobarbital)

May increase concentrations of inorganic fluoride

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (atracurium, pancuronium, vecuronium)

Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur

Isoniazid

May increase concentrations of inorganic fluoride

Midazolam

May potentiate sevoflurane effects; decrease MAC

Opiates

May potentiate sevoflurane effects; decrease MAC

St. John's Wort

Increased risk for anesthetic complications; recommend discontinuing 5 days in advance of surgery

Succinylcholine

Sevoflurane may enhance effects

Sympathomimetics (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, ephedrine)

Sensitizes the myocardium to sympathomimetics (less than halothane); arrhythmias may still result

Tramadol

May decrease MAC requirements

Verapamil

May cause cardiodepression

Sedatives (e.g., alpha-2 agonists, phenothiazines)Major

Reduces the concentration of sevoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia (MAC reduction).

Opioid agonistsMajor

Reduces the dose requirement of sevoflurane.

Nitrous oxideModerate

Reduces the concentration of sevoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia.

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agentsModerate

Sevoflurane potentiates the duration of action of these agents (greater potentiation compared with halothane).

監測

  • Respiratory rate, rhythm, and ventilatory status (capnography recommended)
  • Cardiac rate and rhythm (ECG)
  • Blood pressure (especially in 'at risk' or geriatric patients)
  • Level of anesthetic depth (jaw tone, palpebral reflex, eye position)
  • Body temperature (monitor for hypothermia or sudden spikes indicating malignant hyperthermia)
  • Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (Capnography/ETCO2 highly recommended)
  • Arterial blood pressure (hypotension is dose-dependent)
  • Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
  • Anaesthetic depth (jaw tone, palpebral reflex, eye position)
  • Pulse oximetry (SpO2)

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓Rapid clearance (minutes)馬Rapid clearance (minutes)狗Rapid clearance (minutes)

吸收

Rapidly absorbed across the alveolar membrane due to a very low blood:gas partition coefficient (0.6).

分佈

Rapidly distributes to the CNS and other highly perfused tissues. Plasma protein binding percentage is unknown.

代謝

Approximately 3% is metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 2E1 isoenzyme system, producing inorganic fluoride.

排除

The vast majority is excreted rapidly and unchanged via the lungs.

過量

In the event of an overdosage, immediately discontinue sevoflurane administration.

  • Maintain a patent airway.
  • Flush the breathing circuit with 100% oxygen.
  • Support respiratory function with positive pressure ventilation if necessary.
  • Support cardiac function and treat severe hypotension with IV fluids and sympathomimetics as clinically indicated.

可用產品

劑型

  • Inhalant liquid for vaporization (250 mL bottles)
  • Inhalational liquid (250 ml bottle)

獸醫用

  • Sevoflurane in 250 mL bottles: SevoFlo (Halocarbon Prod.)
  • Petrem (Minrad)
  • SevoFlo 250 ml liquid for inhalation
  • Sevotek 250 ml liquid for inhalation

人用標示

  • Sevoflurane in 250 mL bottles: Ultane (Abbott)
  • Sojourn (Minrad)
  • Sevoflurane 100% liquid for inhalation

各地核准狀態

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V classification.

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V classification.

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at room temperature. Sevoflurane does not react with metal and contains no stabilizers.

飼主須知

​七氟醚​是獸醫師在進行手術或診斷程序時使用的一種專業麻醉氣體。

  • ​作用迅速​：它能讓您的寵物非常快速且平穩地入睡，這對於容易緊張或難以保定的寵物特別有幫助。
  • ​快速甦醒​：因為一旦關閉氣體，它會迅速從體內排出，您的寵物會比使用傳統麻醉劑更早醒來、站立並恢復清醒。
  • ​安全性高​：它通常非常安全，且對心血管系統較溫和，常被作為老年寵物、幼年寵物或特殊寵物（特寵）的首選麻醉劑。
  • ​麻醉後注意事項​：您的寵物回家後可能仍會有短暫的昏沉或步態不穩。請讓牠們待在安全、安靜且溫暖的環境中，直到完全恢復正常。

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