水飛薊素 / 奶薊草
Silymarin / Milk Thistle
Silybum marianum extract (silibinin, silybin)
別名: Denamarin · Legalon · Doxion · Hepaticare · Hepatosupport · Hepatosyl Plus · Samylin · Zentonil Advanced · Milk Thistle · Silybum marianum · Carduus marianus · Holy Thistle · Marian Thistle · Silibinin · Silybin · Sylibin · Silibide · Silymarin
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Therapeutic dosage (general) | 50-250 mg/day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy for chronic liver disease | 20-50 mg/kg per day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Chronic liver disease and ameliorating the effects of anticonvulsants | 50-200 mg | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hepatotoxicity, hepatic recovery/regeneration, hepatic fibrosis | 20-50 mg/kg/day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Therapeutic dosage (general): Suggested dose range
- Adjunctive therapy for chronic liver disease: Extrapolated from human, monkey, rodent and dog research
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Therapeutic dosage (general) | 50-250 mg/day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive therapy for chronic liver disease | 20-50 mg/kg per day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Chronic liver disease and ameliorating the effects of anticonvulsants | 50-200 mg | PO | q12-24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hepatotoxicity, hepatic recovery/regeneration, hepatic fibrosis | 20-50 mg/kg/day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| General hepatic support | 4-8 mg/kg/day | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Therapeutic dosage (general): Suggested dose range
- Adjunctive therapy for chronic liver disease: Extrapolated from human, monkey, rodent and dog research
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
水飛薊素 (Silymarin) 是一種從奶薊草 (Silybum marianum) 種子中提取的黃酮木脂素複合物。它在獸醫學中被廣泛用作肝臟保護營養保健品。
- 主要用途： 用於犬、貓及其他物種的急慢性肝病、肝硬化及發炎性肝病的管理。
- 毒素解毒劑： 在攝入嚴重肝毒性物質（如毒鵝膏蘑菇 Amanita phalloides）後，作為肝臟保護劑的作用尤為顯著。
- 腫瘤學支持： 新興的實驗室數據表明，它可能有助於預防某些癌症，並減輕特定化療方案的肝毒性副作用。
臨床要點： 由於水飛薊素是一種營養保健品，市售非處方產品的品質和生物利用度差異極大。強烈建議使用獸醫專用配方（水飛薊賓與磷脂醯膽鹼結合的植物脂質體技術），因為其胃腸道吸收率遠優於標準提取物。
作用機轉
Silymarin exerts its hepatoprotective effects through multiple synergistic pathways. Silibinin (or silybin) is the most biologically active component of the complex.
- Antioxidant & Free Radical Scavenging: Inhibits lipid peroxidase and beta-glucuronidase. It directly scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and significantly increases intracellular glutathione levels in the liver.
- Membrane Stabilization: Alters the outer hepatocyte cell membrane structure, competitively blocking the binding and transmembrane transport of hepatotoxins (e.g., amatoxins from poisonous mushrooms).
- Anti-inflammatory: Inhibits the cytotoxic, inflammatory, and apoptotic effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and modulates leukotriene synthesis.
- Antifibrotic: Reduces hepatic stellate cell activation, thereby decreasing hepatic collagen formation and slowing the progression of cirrhosis.
- Regenerative: Stimulates ribosomal RNA polymerase A → enhances protein synthesis and accelerates hepatocyte regeneration.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity or allergy to the Asteraceae/Compositae plant family (ragweed, marigolds, daisies)
- Use caution with whole plant extracts (not the seed extract) in patients where exogenous estrogens are contraindicated, due to potential estrogen-like activity
不良反應
- Gastrointestinal upset (mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Allergic reactions in patients sensitive to the Asteraceae/Compositae plant family
- Generally very well tolerated
- Rare mild gastrointestinal upset
注意事項
Important Warning: Do not confuse Milk Thistle with Blessed Thistle, which is a completely different botanical compound.
- Regulatory Status: These products are considered nutritional supplements and are not evaluated or approved by the FDA as pharmaceuticals. Potency and purity can vary between manufacturers.
- Pregnancy/Nursing: Safety data during pregnancy or nursing is unavailable; weigh potential benefits against uncertain risks.
藥物交互作用
Silymarin may inhibit cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2C9 (CYP2C9). Use caution with narrow therapeutic index drugs metabolized by this pathway.
May inhibit CYP3A4, though clinical significance is currently undetermined.
Silymarin may increase the clearance of these drugs (not applicable in cats). Clinical significance is undetermined.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of clinical signs)
- Liver enzyme panels (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT)
- Hepatic function tests (Bilirubin, Bile Acids, BUN, Albumin)
- Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT)
- Total bilirubin
- Clinical signs of hepatic disease (e.g., icterus, lethargy, appetite)
藥物動力學
吸收
In humans, oral bioavailability is <50% with peak levels occurring 2-4 hours post-dose. Silymarin is fairly insoluble in water. When silibinin is complexed with phosphatidylcholine (phytosome technology), oral absorption is significantly increased.
分佈
Undergoes extensive enterohepatic circulation. Achieves significantly higher concentrations in liver cells and bile compared to plasma.
代謝
20-40% is converted into glucuronide and sulfate conjugates.
排除
The majority of the drug is eliminated unchanged in the feces. Conjugates are also eliminated in the feces. Only about 8% is excreted in the urine. Elimination half-life in humans averages 6 hours.
過量
Overdoses are highly unlikely to cause significant morbidity due to the supplement's high safety margin. Mild gastrointestinal effects (vomiting, diarrhea) may be seen and should be treated in a supportive and symptomatic manner.
可用產品
劑型
- Chewable tablets
- Capsules
- Oral tablets: 9 mg, 24 mg, 25 mg, 35 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 70 mg, 100 mg
- Oral powder: 10 mg, 40 mg, 53 mg
獸醫用
- Marin for Cats (Silybin A+B 9 mg in a phosphatidylcholine complex & Vitamin E 50 Units Tablets)
- Marin for Dogs (Small/Medium) (Silybin A+B 24 mg in a phosphatidylcholine complex, Vitamin E 105 Units, & Zinc 17 mg Chewable Tablets)
- Marin for Dogs (Large) (Silybin A+B 70 mg in a phosphatidylcholine complex, Vitamin E 300 Units, & Zinc 45 mg Chewable Tablets)
- Denamarin (Combination product containing SAMe and silybin)
- Doxion
- Hepaticare
- Hepatosupport
- Hepatosyl Plus
- Samylin
- Zentonil Advanced
人用標示
- Various OTC nutritional supplements (tablets and capsules ranging from 150-1000 mg). Look for products stating a standardized concentration of 70-80% silymarin.
- Various authorized proprietary products
各地核准狀態
Authorized Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List (General sale)
Authorized Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List (General sale)
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Unless otherwise labeled, commercially available products containing silymarin should be stored at room temperature in tight containers. Avoid storing the products in areas of high humidity.
飼主須知
什麼是水飛薊素？ 水飛薊素（奶薊草）是一種天然營養補充劑，用於支持和保護寵物的肝臟免受損傷、減少發炎並促進肝臟修復。
- 給藥方式： 可與食物一起或空腹給予。如果您的寵物出現腸胃不適，請嘗試與少量食物或零食一起餵食。
- 副作用： 此補充劑通常非常安全。偶爾可能會引起輕微的腹瀉或嘔吐。如果這些症狀持續或變得嚴重，請聯繫您的獸醫。
- 需要耐心： 因為這是一種支持性療法，可能需要持續使用數週才能在寵物的血液檢查或臨床狀況中看到改善。
- 品質很重要： 由於它不是 FDA 監管的藥物，產品品質參差不齊。強烈建議使用獸醫處方的特定獸醫品牌，因為這些配方更適合寵物吸收。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。