氯化鈉
**氯化鈉**是一種基礎的晶體輸液，在獸醫學中用於液體補充、電解質平衡以及作為藥物稀釋劑。它有低張、等張（生理食鹽水）和高張配方。 > **臨床提示：** 高張食鹽水是治療休克時強效的體積擴張劑，但需要仔細監測血清鈉濃度，並隨後補充等張輸液。
作用機制: Isotonic and hypertonic formulations expand **plasma volume** and replace lost extracellular fluid. Hypotonic formulations provide free water and may promote oedema formation. When used for fluid replacement, NaCl (0.45% and 0.9%) will expand the plasma volume compartment. → Compared with colloids, 2.5 to 3.0 times as much fluid must be given because the crystalloid is distributed to other fluid compartments.
各物種劑量
- Intravenous fluid replacement (including hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis) · Dose not specified in monograph · IV · As directed · As needed · Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
- Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) · Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min · IV · As directed · Preoperative period or acute crisis · Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
- Corneal oedema · Dose not specified in monograph · Topical · As directed · As needed · Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
- Hypoadrenocorticism (long-term management) · Dose not specified in monograph · PO · As directed · Long-term · Enteric-coated products may have unpredictable efficacy in dogs.
- Intravenous fluid replacement · Dose not specified in monograph · IV · As directed · As needed · Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
- Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) · Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min · IV · As directed · Preoperative period or acute crisis · Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
- Corneal oedema · Dose not specified in monograph · Topical · As directed · As needed · Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Dehydrated animals (Hypertonic saline)
- Hypovolaemic animals (Hypotonic solutions)
不良反應
- Peripheral oedema
- Hyperchloraemic acidosis (especially in compromised patients)
- Vagally mediated bradycardia (if hypertonic saline is administered >1 ml/kg/min)
- Stinging sensation (ophthalmic ointment)
監測
- Serum sodium concentrations (especially before and after hypertonic saline)
- Acid-base status (monitor for acidosis)
- Heart rate (monitor for bradycardia during rapid hypertonic infusion)
- Hydration status and fluid balance
過量
Excessive administration of normal saline can increase the risk of **hyperchloraemic acidosis** and **peripheral oedema**. Administration of hypertonic saline at fluid rates >1 ml/kg/min can cause a **vagally mediated bradycardia**.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。