聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
別名: Kayexalate · Kionex · SPS · Elutit-Natrium · KExit · Kexelate · Resinsodio · Resonium A · natrii polystyrenesulfonas · sodium polystyrene sulphonate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperkalemia | 2 grams of resin/kg divided into 3 daily doses (suspended in 3-4 mL water/gram or commercial suspension). Severe hyperkalemia: 3-4 times the normal amount may be given. | PO/Enema | q8h | As needed | 🌎 NA |
| Mild hyperkalemia (<6 mEq/L) | 2 grams/kg in 3-4 divided doses with 20% sorbitol | PO/Enema | q6-8h | As needed | 🌎 NA |
- Hyperkalemia: If PO, give with a cathartic. If enema, do NOT use a cathartic (must retain in colon for at least 30 mins). Enema prep: add 15g per 100 mL of 1% methylcellulose or 10% dextrose.
- Mild hyperkalemia (<6 mEq/L): May also be given as an enema without sorbitol.
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life-threatening hyperkalemia in neonatal foals | 15 grams of resin in 100 mL of 10% dextrose | Enema | Once/As directed | As needed | 🌎 NA |
- Life-threatening hyperkalemia in neonatal foals: Monitor serum potassium and sodium closely.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉 (SPS) 是一種不被吸收的陽離子交換樹脂，主要作為獸醫病患高血鉀症（血液中鉀離子過高）的輔助治療。
臨床要點： 由於其作用緩慢（需數小時至數天），SPS 不應作為急性、危及生命的高血鉀症的單一療法。在緊急情況下，應優先使用作用更快的療法（例如靜脈注射葡萄糖酸鈣、常規胰島素加葡萄糖，或碳酸氫鈉）。
重點：
- 它的作用機制是在胃腸道中將鈉離子與鉀離子進行交換。
- 口服時通常會與瀉藥（如山梨醇）一起給予，以防止便秘並加速樹脂-鉀複合物的排出。
- 必須始終找出並同時治療導致高血鉀的潛在原因（例如急性腎損傷、尿道阻塞、腎上腺皮質機能低下）。
作用機轉
SPS acts as a cation exchange resin in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Mechanism: After oral or rectal administration, the resin exchanges its sodium ions for hydrogen ions in the acidic environment of the stomach. As it travels into the large intestine, where potassium concentration is higher, it exchanges these ions for potassium ions.
- Binding Capacity: While theoretically capable of exchanging up to 3.1 mEq of potassium per gram, in vivo it typically exchanges approximately 1 mEq of potassium per gram of resin.
- Excretion: The resin, now bound to potassium, is excreted unchanged in the feces, thereby physically removing potassium from the body.
- Sodium Load: Because it releases sodium in exchange for potassium, it delivers a significant sodium load to the patient, which can be problematic in sodium-restricted individuals.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Patients on severely restricted sodium diets
- Severe congestive heart failure (CHF)
- Severe hypertension
- Oliguric or anuric acute kidney injury (where sodium load cannot be excreted)
- Conditions predisposing to severe constipation or bowel obstruction
不良反應
- Constipation (fecal impaction reported rarely)
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Hypokalemia (from overuse)
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Sodium retention / Hypernatremia
注意事項
Because large quantities of sodium may be released and absorbed during the exchange process, use with extreme caution in patients requiring sodium restriction (e.g., severe CHF, hypertension).
Overdosage or prolonged use can lead to severe electrolyte derangements, specifically hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia.
When given orally, it is generally mixed with a cathartic (like 70% sorbitol) to hasten transit time and prevent severe constipation or fecal impaction. However, do not use a cathartic if administering as a retention enema, as the resin must remain in the colon for at least 30 minutes to be effective.
藥物交互作用
SPS may bind with magnesium or calcium, preventing bicarbonate ion neutralization and potentially leading to systemic metabolic alkalosis. Concurrent use is not recommended.
Similar to antacids, can lead to metabolic alkalosis and reduced potassium-binding efficacy.
監測
- Serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium at least once daily; calcium, magnesium)
- Acid/base status
- ECG (if warranted to monitor cardiac effects of hyper/hypokalemia)
- Fecal output and consistency (monitor for constipation/impaction)
藥物動力學
吸收
SPS is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
分佈
Remains localized within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.
代謝
Not metabolized. Acts locally via ion exchange.
排除
Excreted unchanged in the feces, carrying bound potassium and other cations with it.
過量
Overdosage or overuse may lead to severe electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia (low potassium), hypocalcemia (low calcium), and hypomagnesemia (low magnesium), as well as significant sodium retention.
Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Discontinue the drug immediately and correct electrolyte deficits based on frequent serum chemistry monitoring.
可用產品
劑型
- Powder for suspension
- Oral/Rectal suspension
人用標示
- Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Powder: approx 100 mg (4.1 mEq) sodium per gram (1 lb jars & 454 g)
- Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Suspension: 15 grams/60 mL (sodium 1.5 grams, 65 mEq) in various sizes
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store products in well-closed containers at room temperature; do not heat. Suspensions made from powder should be freshly prepared and used within 24 hours.
飼主須知
聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉用於幫助降低寵物血液中危險的高鉀濃度。
- 給藥方式： 此藥物可經口服或灌腸給予。如果口服，通常會與甜味液體（山梨醇）混合，以幫助其通過消化道並防止便秘。每次使用前請將懸浮液充分搖勻。
- 副作用： 請注意便秘、食慾不振、嘔吐或噁心的跡象。如果您的寵物停止排便，請聯繫您的獸醫師。
- 藥物交互作用： 在寵物服用此藥期間，請勿給予非處方制酸劑或瀉藥（尤其是含有鈣或鎂的產品，如鎂乳），因為這可能會導致危險的血液化學變化。
- 後續追蹤： 您的寵物將需要頻繁的血液檢查，以確保其鉀和鈉濃度保持在安全範圍內。
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