體促素 / 生長激素
體促素（生長激素，GH）是由腦下垂體前葉分泌的胜肽荷爾蒙。在獸醫學中，重組牛生長激素 (rbST) 曾被用於增加乳牛的泌乳量，而豬生長激素則用於改善豬隻的飼料轉化率與肌肉生長。在小動物（犬貓）中，人類重組生長激素偶爾用於治療腦下垂體侏儒症（生長激素缺乏症）。 **臨床要點：** 由於物種間胺基酸序列的差異，人類生長激素可能會在犬貓體內引發中和抗體產生，從而限制其長期療效。若能取得，與犬類生長激素同源性較高的豬生長激素為較佳的治療選擇。
作用機制: Somatotropin binds to specific cell surface receptors in target tissues (liver, bone, muscle, adipose). * **Direct effects:** Stimulates lipolysis and inhibits glucose uptake, leading to increased blood glucose levels (diabetogenic effect). * **Indirect effects:** Mediated primarily through the stimulation of **Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1)** production in the liver. **GH → Liver → IGF-1 release → Binds to IGF receptors → Promotes cellular proliferation, linear bone growth (at open epiphyseal plates), and protein synthesis.**
各物種劑量
- Growth hormone replacement · 0.3-0.7 IU/kg weekly divided into 3-5 doses · SC/IM · divided into 3-5 doses weekly · Continue for at least 6 weeks to evaluate response · IM injection is painful. Monitor IGF-1.
- Growth hormone replacement · 0.3-0.7 IU/kg weekly divided into 3-5 doses · SC/IM · divided into 3-5 doses weekly · Continue for at least 6 weeks to evaluate response · IM injection is painful. Monitor IGF-1.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Closed epiphyseal plates (if seeking linear growth)
- Neoplasia (may stimulate tumor growth)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypersensitivity to the drug or formulation components
- Patients with closed epiphyses (unless treating specific adult-onset deficiencies)
- Known hypersensitivity
- Active neoplasia
不良反應
- Hyperglycemia
- Insulin resistance / Diabetes mellitus
- Acromegaly (with prolonged use)
- Antibody formation (when using human GH in pets)
- Injection site reactions
- Diabetogenic effect (hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus)
- Local injection site reactions
- Antibody formation (reducing long-term efficacy)
藥物相互作用
- Glucocorticoids · May antagonize the growth-promoting effects of somatotropin. · moderate
- Insulin · Somatotropin induces insulin resistance, potentially requiring significant adjustments in insulin dosage for diabetic patients. · major
監測
- Serum IGF-1 levels
- Blood glucose and urine glucose
- Thyroid panel (TSH/T4)
- Growth rate and body weight
- Physical signs of acromegaly
- Blood glucose
- Growth rate/body weight
- Injection site reactions
過量
Acute overdose is unlikely to cause severe clinical signs other than transient hypoglycemia followed by hyperglycemia. Chronic overdosage leads to **acromegaly** and **diabetes mellitus**.
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