磺胺氯噠嗪鈉
Sulfachlorpyridazine Sodium
Sulfachlorpyridazine sodium
別名: Vetisulid · cluricol · sulphachlorpyridazine
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enteric bacterial infections (E. coli) | Mix 1/4 teaspoonful per liter of water and use as only supply of drinking water | PO | continuous | 5-10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Enteric bacterial infections (E. coli) | Mix 3/4 teaspoonsful per 2 quarts of water | PO | continuous | — | 🌎 NA |
| E. coli and coccidiosis in pigeons | 1200 mg per gallon of drinking water | PO | continuous | — | 🌎 NA |
- Enteric bacterial infections (E. coli): Using the oral powder. May be effective for many E. coli enteric infections.
- Enteric bacterial infections (E. coli): Using the oral powder. Fairly effective for enteric infections, particularly E. coli. Reserved for clients who are unable to give other medications by mouth or parenterally.
- E. coli and coccidiosis in pigeons: Very effective for E. coli and it is a good coccidiostat.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diarrhea caused or complicated by E. coli in calves less than one month of age | 33-49.5 mg/kg PO, or IV twice daily | PO/IV | q12h | 1-5 days | 🌎 NA |
- Diarrhea caused or complicated by E. coli in calves less than one month of age: Suggest initiating therapy with intravenous preparation and then changing to oral if possible
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colibacillosis | 44-77 mg/kg PO per day (divide dose and give twice daily if treating individual animals) | PO | q12h or q24h | 1-5 days | 🌎 NA |
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
磺胺氯噠嗪鈉（Sulfachlorpyridazine sodium）是一種短至中效、低脂溶性的磺胺類抗菌藥物。在獸醫學中，主要用於治療腸道感染，特別是小於一個月大的小牛和豬的大腸桿菌（E. coli）感染。它也可作為一般用途的磺胺類藥物，以注射方式用於成年牛隻和其他物種。
臨床要點：
- 作為一種時間依賴性、抑菌性抗生素，維持穩定的給藥間隔對於療效至關重要。
- 儘管細菌對磺胺類藥物的抗藥性日益普遍，但它在特定的群體健康管理中仍具有重要價值。
- 它在一般生理pH值的尿液中溶解度很高，但在脫水或尿液高度濃縮、偏酸性的病患中，仍有產生結晶尿的風險。
作用機轉
Sulfonamides are generally bacteriostatic agents. They act as structural analogues of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).
- They competitively inhibit the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase.
- This blocks the incorporation of PABA into dihydropteroic acid → preventing the biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form of folic acid).
- Because mammalian cells utilize preformed dietary folic acid and do not synthesize their own, they are generally unaffected by this mechanism.
- Efficacy is significantly reduced in the presence of pus, necrotic tissue, or extensive cellular debris, as these environments are rich in PABA which outcompetes the drug.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, thiazides, or sulfonylurea agents
- Severe renal impairment
- Severe hepatic impairment
不良反應
- Crystalluria
- Hematuria
- Renal tubule obstruction
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs
- Bone marrow depression
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, dermatitis)
- Focal retinitis
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Nonseptic polyarthritis
- Muscle weakness, blindness, ataxia, and collapse (with rapid IV injection)
- Tissue irritation and necrosis (with IM or SC injection)
- Temporary depression of normal cellulytic function in the ruminoreticulum
注意事項
Caution: Use with care in patients with diminished renal or hepatic function, or urinary obstruction.
- Hydration: Ensure adequate urine flow to prevent crystalluria. Alkalinization of urine may prevent crystalluria but decreases tubular reabsorption.
- Administration: Avoid too-rapid IV injection to prevent acute neurological and muscular adverse effects. Avoid IM or SC routes due to the alkaline nature of the solution causing tissue irritation and necrosis.
- Pregnancy: Potentially teratogenic at high doses; crosses the placenta. Weigh risk vs. benefit.
- Lactation: Distributed into milk. Safe use during lactation cannot be assumed; use with caution.
- Laboratory: May cause false-positive results for urine glucose determinations when using the Benedict's method.
藥物交互作用
May decrease the oral bioavailability of sulfonamides if administered concurrently
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of diarrhea/infection)
- Adverse effects
- Hydration status and urine output
藥物動力學
吸收
Readily absorbed from the GI tract of non-ruminants. Food delays the rate, but usually not the extent of absorption. Peak levels occur within 1-2 hours in non-ruminant (and young pre-ruminant) animals. Adult ruminants may have significant delays before oral absorption.
分佈
Well distributed throughout the body; some reach significant levels in the CSF. Highest levels in liver, kidney, and lung; lower in muscle and bone. Highly bound to serum proteins (species and drug dependent); protein-bound fraction is inactive.
代謝
Principally metabolized in the liver via acetylation and glucuronidation, though extra-hepatic metabolism is also involved. Acetylated metabolites may be less soluble, increasing the risk of crystalluria.
排除
Renally excreted via both tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Protein-bound drug is not filtered. The serum half-life of sulfachlorpyridazine is approximately 1.2 hours in cattle.
過量
Acute toxicity secondary to overdoses apparently occurs only rarely in veterinary species.
- Signs of Toxicity: In addition to standard adverse effects, CNS stimulation and myelin degeneration have been noted after very high dosages.
- Treatment: Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic. Ensure aggressive fluid therapy to maintain urine output and prevent crystalluria.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral powder
- Oral suspension
- Injection
- Oral boluses
獸醫用
- Sulfachlorpyridazine Sodium Oral powder: 54 grams per bottle (Vetisulid Powder)
- Sulfachlorpyridazine Sodium Oral Suspension: 50 mg/mL in 180 mL bottles (Vetisulid Oral Suspension)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Injection: Store at room temperature and protect from light; avoid freezing. Oral suspension: Store at room temperature; avoid freezing. Oral boluses and powder: Store at room temperature; avoid excessive heat (above 40°C; 104°F).
飼主須知
- 充足飲水至關重要：為了減少藥物在尿液中形成結晶（結晶尿）的可能性，請確保您的動物隨時可以喝到新鮮乾淨的水。避免動物脫水。
- 正確給藥：請嚴格按照獸醫的指示給藥，並完成整個療程，即使動物看起來已經好轉也不應中斷。
- 觀察副作用：如果您發現動物排尿減少、尿中有血、出現異常虛弱或腹瀉加重，請立即聯繫您的獸醫。
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