琥珀膽鹼
Suxamethonium
Suxamethonium chloride
別名: Anectine · Quelicin · Succinylcholine · Suxamethonium chloride
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
各物種劑量
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概覽
琥珀膽鹼（Succinylcholine）是一種超短效去極化神經肌肉阻斷劑。主要用於獸醫學中，以促進快速氣管插管並在手術期間提供骨骼肌鬆弛。
臨床提示： 由於它是去極化劑，使用前常會出現短暫的肌肉顫動。它不具備鎮痛或鎮靜作用；病患必須完全麻醉並接受機械通氣。
作用機轉
Competitively binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction. The persistent depolarization prevents the transmission of further action potentials → resulting in flaccid muscle relaxation.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Patients with pre-existing hyperkalemia
- Glaucoma or penetrating eye injuries
- Severe liver disease
- Patients with known atypical plasma pseudocholinesterase
- Conscious patients (must be fully anesthetized)
不良反應
- Muscle fasciculations
- Hyperkalemia
- Bradycardia or arrhythmias
- Malignant hyperthermia
- Increased intraocular pressure
- Increased intragastric pressure
- Prolonged apnea
注意事項
Requires mechanical ventilation. Do not use without the immediate ability to intubate and ventilate the patient. No analgesic properties: Does not provide analgesia or sedation; ensure adequate depth of anesthesia before administration. Hyperkalemia risk: Use with extreme caution in patients with extensive tissue trauma, burns, or upper motor neuron lesions due to the risk of severe hyperkalemia.
藥物交互作用
Inhibit pseudocholinesterase, leading to significantly prolonged neuromuscular blockade
Inhibit pseudocholinesterase, leading to significantly prolonged neuromuscular blockade
May enhance or prolong neuromuscular blockade
Enhanced neuromuscular blockade and increased risk of malignant hyperthermia
監測
- Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
- Blood pressure
- Oxygen saturation (SpO2)
- End-tidal CO2 (Capnography)
- Body temperature (monitor for malignant hyperthermia)
- Peripheral nerve stimulation (Train-of-Four) to assess blockade depth and recovery
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
Rapid onset following IV or IM administration.
分佈
Highly ionized with low lipid solubility; does not cross the blood-brain barrier or placenta significantly.
代謝
Rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma pseudocholinesterase into succinylmonocholine and then to succinic acid and choline.
排除
Primarily eliminated via enzymatic degradation in the plasma; a small amount is excreted unchanged in the urine.
過量
Overdose results in prolonged neuromuscular blockade and extended apnea.
Treatment is strictly supportive with continuous mechanical ventilation and maintenance of anesthesia until the drug is fully metabolized and spontaneous respiration returns. There is no specific pharmacological reversal agent for depolarizing neuromuscular blockers.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable: 50 mg/ml solution
人用標示
- Suxamethonium chloride 50 mg/ml solution for injection
各地核准狀態
Human-approved products used off-label in veterinary medicine.
Typically used under the cascade using human-registered products.
Used under the prescribing cascade.
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C). Do not freeze. Protect from light.
飼主須知
此藥物僅在醫院環境中於全身麻醉下使用，用於在手術或插管期間放鬆肌肉。絕對不會開立處方供居家使用。
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