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牛磺酸

Taurine

2-aminosulphonic acid

氨基酸營養補充劑PO狗貓

別名: Formula V · Dyna-Taurine · 2-aminosulphonic acid

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

500 mg PO q12h (with 1 gram of carnitine PO q12h)PO· q12h
500 mg — 每隻動物的固定劑量（不按體重換算）

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
For taurine-deficiency related cardiomyopathy in American Cocker Spaniels500 mg PO q12h (with 1 gram of carnitine PO q12h)POq12h—🌎 NA
Complementary therapy for seizures400 mg/40 lbs of body weight PO twice dailyPOq12h—🌎 NA
For taurine-related cardiomyopathy500-1500 mg (total dose) PO per dayPOq24h—🌎 NA
Dilated cardiomyopathy500-1000 mg PO q8-12h for dogs weighing under 25 kg and 1-2 grams PO q8-12h for dogs weighing > 25 kgPOq8-12h—🌎 NA
  • Complementary therapy for seizures: 'May' help decrease seizure activity
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy: Recommended for all American Cocker spaniels; consider in animals with DCM and cysteine/urate urolithiasis (e.g., English Bulldogs, Dalmatians); consider in golden retrievers, Newfoundlands, Portuguese water dogs.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
For taurine-deficiency related cardiomyopathy250 mg (per cat) PO q12-24hPOq12-24h—🌎 NA
Complementary therapy for seizures500 mg per cat PO twice dailyPOq12h—🌎 NA
For adjunctive treatment of hepatic lipidosis250-500 mg/dayPOq24h—🌎 NA
  • For taurine-deficiency related cardiomyopathy: Because taurine is safe and inexpensive, recommend using for any case of myocardial failure.
  • Complementary therapy for seizures: 'May' help decrease seizure activity
  • For adjunctive treatment of hepatic lipidosis: Taurine may be hepatoprotective and is required for bile conjugation. Cats with hepatic lipidosis waste taurine in their urine.

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

牛磺酸是一種β-氨基酸，雖然在許多哺乳動物中被認為是「非必需」的，但對​貓咪來說是絕對必需的​，對某些犬種則是條件性必需的。

  • ​貓咪健康​：貓咪因半胱亞磺酸脫羧酶 (CSAD) 活性低，且必須使用牛磺酸來結合膽汁酸，因此無法合成足夠的牛磺酸。缺乏會導致​貓中央視網膜變性 (FCRD)​ 和​擴張性心肌病 (DCM)​。
  • ​狗狗健康​：某些品種（如美國可卡犬、黃金獵犬、紐芬蘭犬、大麥町、英國鬥牛犬）容易罹患與牛磺酸缺乏相關的擴張性心肌病。
  • ​其他用途​：作為貓脂肪肝的輔助治療（具有保肝作用且為膽汁結合所需），並因其神經調節作用而作為癲癇的補充療法。

作用機轉

  • Synthesis Pathway: Synthesized in vivo from methionine and cysteine via the enzyme ​cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD)​ (a process requiring Vitamin B6).
  • Bile Acid Conjugation: Crucial for fat digestion. Cats use taurine almost exclusively for this process, leading to obligate loss in feces.
  • Cardiac Function: Modulates calcium flux across cell membranes → provides positive inotropic activity without altering the resting membrane potential, and modulates ionic currents.
  • Neuromodulation: Stabilizes neuronal membranes and exerts a GABA-like inhibitory effect in the CNS, which may help raise the seizure threshold and reduce seizure activity.
  • Platelet Function: Reduces platelet aggregation via calcium modulation.

安全性與警告

不良反應

  • Minor GI distress

注意事項

​Diagnostic Warning:​ While taurine is extremely safe, it should not be used as a substitute for adequate diagnosis of underlying cardiac, hepatic, or neurologic conditions.

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (improvement in cardiac function, seizure frequency, or hepatic markers)
  • Taurine levels (whole blood levels preferable to plasma/serum levels; avoid hemolysis or collection of the buffy coat as it will negate the results)

藥物動力學

分佈

Intracellular levels of taurine are much higher than in plasma.

排除

Excess taurine is rapidly excreted in the kidneys, but if a deficiency exists, urinary excretion is reduced via reabsorption.

過量

Toxic potential appears to be very low. No specific acute toxicity information is available, but massive overdoses are likely to be excreted renally without significant harm.

可用產品

劑型

  • Tablets
  • Liquid
  • Capsules
  • Powder

獸醫用

  • Formula V Taurine Tablets 250 mg (PetAg)
  • Dyna-Taurine Liquid 375 mg/4 mL (Harlmen)

人用標示

  • Various OTC oral dosage forms ranging from 125 mg to 500 mg (available at health food stores)

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Unless otherwise labeled, store taurine tablets or capsules at room temperature. Protect from light and moisture.

飼主須知

  • ​用途​：用於治療或預防心臟病（擴張性心肌病）、支持肝臟功能（特別是患有脂肪肝的貓咪），有時也用於協助控制癲癇。
  • ​安全性​：非常安全。多餘的劑量會隨寵物的尿液排出體外。
  • ​給藥方式​：可與食物一起餵食。如果出現輕微腸胃不適，隨餐服用可能會有所幫助。
  • ​注意事項​：心臟病情的改善（在心臟超音波上顯示）可能需要數週至數月的時間。未經獸醫師同意，請勿自行停藥。

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