替莫唑胺
Temozolomide
別名: Temcad · Temodal · Temodar · TMZ
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
這是依體表面積（mg/m²）計算的劑量；給藥前須先將體重換算為體表面積。
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymphoma, melanoma, and gliomas | 60-65 mg/m2 | PO | q24h | for 5 consecutive days on a monthly basis (28 days) for 4 to 6 cycles | 🌍 EU |
| Relapsed lymphoma | 100 mg/m2 | PO | q24h | for 5 consecutive days every 2 weeks | 🌍 EU |
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not advised | Not advised | PO | — | — | 🌍 EU |
- Not advised: Not advised based on early toxicity studies.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
替莫唑胺（Temozolomide）是一種口服烷化抗腫瘤藥物，應用於獸醫腫瘤學。初步研究主要評估其在犬淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤和神經膠質瘤中的應用。
警告：替莫唑胺是一種強效的細胞毒性藥物。必須由受過訓練的專業人員遵循嚴格的化療安全和操作指南進行配製與給藥。
作用機轉
Temozolomide acts as an oral alkylating agent. It undergoes rapid chemical conversion at physiologic pH to the active compound, MTIC.
Mechanism of Action: Alkylates/methylates DNA (most often at the N-7 or O-6 positions of guanine residues) → DNA methylation → DNA damage → Cell death (apoptosis).
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to temozolomide
- Pre-existing bone marrow suppression
不良反應
- Myelosuppression (bone marrow suppression)
- Gastrointestinal toxicity (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
- Lethargy
- Polydipsia
- Altered renal parameters
- Altered hepatic parameters
注意事項
Cytotoxic Handling: Must be handled with extreme care by trained personnel. Pregnant women should not handle this drug.
- Use with caution in patients with reduced hepatic or renal function.
- Clinical Pearl: Because it is an oral chemotherapy agent, owners must be thoroughly educated on safe handling practices at home.
監測
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) prior to each cycle and at nadir
- Renal function panel
- Hepatic function panel
- Clinical signs of GI toxicity or lethargy
藥物動力學
吸收
Rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.
分佈
Crosses the blood-brain barrier, making it useful for CNS tumors (gliomas).
代謝
Undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis at physiologic pH to the active metabolite MTIC.
排除
Primarily excreted via the kidneys.
過量
Overdose may lead to severe and potentially fatal myelosuppression (pancytopenia) and severe gastrointestinal toxicity.
- Treatment: There is no specific antidote. Treatment is strictly supportive, including broad-spectrum antibiotics for neutropenia, blood transfusions if necessary, and aggressive antiemetic/fluid therapy.
可用產品
劑型
- Oral capsule: 5 mg, 20 mg, 100 mg, 140 mg, 180 mg, 250 mg
人用標示
- Temcad capsules (5 mg, 20 mg, 100 mg, 140 mg, 180 mg, 250 mg)
- Temodal capsules (5 mg, 20 mg, 100 mg, 140 mg, 180 mg, 250 mg)
- Temodar capsules (5 mg, 20 mg, 100 mg, 140 mg, 180 mg, 250 mg)
各地核准狀態
POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Human registered products used under the cascade.
POM (Prescription Only Medicine). Human registered products used under the cascade.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at room temperature (15-30°C), protected from light and moisture. Keep strictly out of reach of children and animals.
飼主須知
本藥物是一種用於治療犬隻特定癌症的化療藥物。
- 安全操作：處理此藥物時必須戴上拋棄式手套。切勿打開、壓碎或剝半膠囊。給藥後請徹底洗手。
- 廢棄物管理：藥物及其代謝產物會出現在寵物的排泄物中。在最後一次給藥後的48-72小時內，清理尿液、糞便或嘔吐物時請務必戴上手套。
- 監測：密切觀察寵物是否有嗜睡、嘔吐、腹瀉或飲水/排尿增加的跡象。如果寵物出現不適或停止進食，請立即聯繫您的獸醫師。
- 懷孕警告：孕婦、哺乳期婦女及兒童不應接觸此藥物或寵物的排泄物。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。