VetSheet

睪酮 / 睪丸酮

Testosterone

Testosterone cypionate, Testosterone enanthate, Testosterone propionate

雄性激素IMSCPOTransdermalBuccal狗貓牛

別名: Depo-Testosterone · Delatestyl · AndroGel · Testopel · Synovex · Testosterone cyclopentylpropionate · Testosterone cypionate · Testosterone enanthate · Testosterone propionate · NSC-9166

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

Testosterone propionate: approximately 2 mg/kg IM or SC 3 times per week. Testosterone cypionate: 200 mg IM once per monthIM/SC· 3 times per week / once per month
— 🐕

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Testosterone-responsive urinary incontinence (may be used with phenylpropanolamine) in malesTestosterone propionate: approximately 2 mg/kg IM or SC 3 times per week. Testosterone cypionate: 200 mg IM once per monthIM/SC3 times per week / once per month—🌎 NA
Testosterone-responsive urinary incontinenceTestosterone propionate: 2.2 mg/kg IM q2-3 days. Testosterone cypionate: 2.2 mg/kg IM once per monthIMq2-3 days / once per month—🌎 NA
Testosterone-responsive urinary incontinenceTestosterone cypionate: 2.2 mg/kg IM q4-8 weeksIMq4-8 weeks—🌎 NA
Testosterone-responsive urinary incontinenceTestosterone propionate: 2.2 mg/kg IM or SC every 2-3 days. Testosterone cypionate: 2.2 mg/kg every 30 days or 200 mg IM every 30 days.IM/SCevery 2-3 days / every 30 days—🌎 NA
Estrus controlTestosterone enanthate or cypionate 0.5 mg/kg IM once every 5 days or methyltestosterone tablets 25 mg PO twice a week; this dose is for Greyhound-sized dogs.IM/POonce every 5 days / twice a week—🌎 NA
To reduce mammary gland enlargement seen in pseudopregnancyTestosterone enanthate or cypionate 0.5-1 mg/kg IM onceIMonce—🌎 NA

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Infertility or reduced libido0.1-1 mg every other day or every third day for 3-5 injections IM or SC. Not indicated for testis descent.IM/SCevery other day or every third day3-5 injections🌎 NA
Testosterone-responsive urinary incontinence (may be used with phenylpropanolamine) in malesTestosterone propionate 5-10 mg IM as needed.IMas needed—🌎 NA
  • Infertility or reduced libido: Using either testosterone cypionate or propionate

牛

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
To produce an estrus-detector (teaser) animal (cull cows, heifers, steers)Testosterone propionate 200 mg IM on day 1 and on days 4-9. On day 10, give 1 gram IM and attach a chinball marker and put with the breeding herd. To maintain the teaser give 1 gram booster every 10-14 days.IMvaries—🌎 NA
To produce an estrus-detector (teaser) animal (cull cows, heifers, steers)Alternatively, initially give testosterone enanthate 0.5 gram IM and 1.5 gram SC (divided in two separate locations). After 4 days attach chinball marker and put in with breeding herd. To maintain, give 0.5-0.75 gram SC every 10-14 days.IM/SCvaries—🌎 NA

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

​睪酮 (Testosterone)​ 是一種內源性雄性激素，在獸醫學中主要用於治療已絕育雄性犬貓的​激素反應性尿失禁​。

  • ​小動物​：主要用於治療絕育雄性犬貓的尿失禁，偶爾用於治療特定的雙側性脫毛（皮膚炎）。
  • ​大動物​：在牛隻醫學中，被用來製造「試情牛」(teaser animals) 以偵測發情。
  • ​臨床提示​：其用於提高家畜性慾或治療不孕症的效果通常不佳。
  • ​法規​：睪酮產品屬於​第三級管制藥品 (C-III)​。

作用機轉

Testosterone is highly lipophilic and diffuses across target cell membranes. In many tissues, it is converted by 5-alpha-reductase → ​dihydrotestosterone (DHT)​. Both testosterone and DHT bind to intracellular androgen receptors → the receptor complex translocates to the nucleus → binds to DNA hormone response elements → modulates gene transcription.

  • Urethral Tone: Helps maintain normal urethral muscle tone and mucosal integrity in neutered males.
  • Anabolic Effects: Increases protein anabolism and decreases catabolism → retention of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.
  • Erythropoiesis: Stimulates ​erythropoietic stimulating factor (erythropoietin)​ → increases red blood cell production.
  • Endocrine Feedback: Large exogenous doses exert negative feedback on the pituitary gland → inhibits ​luteinizing hormone (LH)​ and ​follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)​ → inhibits spermatogenesis.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Known hypersensitivity to the drug
  • Prostate carcinoma
  • Pregnancy (FDA Category X / Papich Class D)

不良反應

  • Perianal adenomas
  • Perineal hernias
  • Prostatic disorders (enlargement)
  • Behavior changes (aggression)
  • Polycythemia (at high doses)
  • Oligospermia or infertility (in intact males with chronic use)

注意事項

Use with caution in patients with renal, cardiac, or hepatic dysfunction. Teratogenic Warning: Contraindicated in pregnancy; causes congenital malformations and embryotoxicity. It is unknown if androgens are excreted in milk; consider milk replacers for nursing patients. Testosterone is a C-III controlled substance.

藥物交互作用

Corticosteroids

May enhance the edema associated with ACTH or adrenal steroid therapy

Insulin / Oral Antidiabetic Agents

Testosterone may decrease serum glucose levels

Propranolol

Testosterone cypionate may increase propranolol clearance

Warfarin

Testosterone may increase anticoagulant effects

監測

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of incontinence, estrus detection behavior)
  • Adverse effects (prostatic enlargement, aggression, perineal hernias)
  • Hematocrit/PCV (for polycythemia with chronic use)

藥物動力學

吸收

Orally administered testosterone is rapidly metabolized by the GI mucosa and liver (first-pass effect). Esterified compounds (enanthate, cypionate) are less polar and more slowly absorbed from lipid tissue after IM injection, providing a duration of 2-4 weeks. Propionate has a shorter duration of action.

分佈

Highly bound to a specific testosterone-estradiol globulin (98% in humans). The free form concentration determines the plasma half-life.

代謝

Metabolized in the liver.

排除

Excreted primarily in the urine (≈90%) and feces (≈6%).

過量

No specific acute toxicity information is available.

  • Chronic Overdose: High dosages or chronic usage may result in oligospermia or infertility in intact males due to negative feedback on LH/FSH.
  • Other Effects: Polycythemia (excessive red blood cells) has been reported in humans receiving high dosages.
  • Treatment: Discontinue therapy and provide supportive care. Monitor hematocrit and prostatic size.

可用產品

劑型

  • Injection (oil)
  • Subcutaneous implant pellets
  • Transdermal gel/patch
  • Buccal system

獸醫用

  • Component E-H (Testosterone propionate 200 mg / Estradiol benzoate 20 mg implant)
  • Synovex-H (Testosterone propionate 200 mg / Estradiol benzoate 20 mg implant)
  • Synovex-Plus (Testosterone propionate 200 mg / Estradiol benzoate 28 mg implant)

人用標示

  • Depo-Testosterone Injection (100 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL)
  • Delatestyl Injection (200 mg/mL)
  • Testopel Implant Pellets (75 mg)
  • Androderm Transdermal System
  • AndroGel 1%
  • Testim Gel 1%
  • Striant Buccal System

各地核准狀態

暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at room temperature; avoid freezing or exposing to temperatures greater than 40°C. If exposed to low temperatures, a precipitate may form but should redissolve with shaking and rewarming. Using a wet needle/syringe may cause cloudy solutions but will not affect potency.

飼主須知

🐾 睪酮的用途是什麼？

睪酮是一種雄性激素，在獸醫學中主要用於治療絕育雄性犬貓的​尿失禁​。它有助於恢復尿道肌肉的張力，防止尿液漏出。

💊 如何給藥？

通常由您的獸醫師進行肌肉或皮下注射。單次注射的效果可維持數週，具體取決於所使用的劑型。

⚠️ 重要安全警告

​懷孕警告​：睪酮可能導致嚴重的胎兒畸形。​孕婦或可能懷孕的女性絕對不可接觸此藥物​，也應避免接觸剛接受治療動物的注射部位或體液。

🔍 需要觀察什麼

如果您注意到以下任何情況，請聯繫您的獸醫師：

  • ​行為改變​：攻擊性增加、騎乘行為或焦躁不安。
  • ​排尿或排便困難​：這可能表示前列腺腫大。
  • ​尾巴根部附近的腫塊​：可能表示肛周腫瘤或疝氣。

VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。