丁卡因 (阿美索卡因)
Tetracaine
Amethocaine hydrochloride
別名: Minims Amethocaine · Tetracaine hydrochloride
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Local anaesthesia of the ocular surface | 1 drop per eye | topical | single application | single dose | 🌍 EU |
- Local anaesthesia of the ocular surface: Uncommonly used; proxymetacaine is advised as an alternative.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Local anaesthesia of the ocular surface | 1 drop per eye | topical | single application | single dose | 🌍 EU |
- Local anaesthesia of the ocular surface: Uncommonly used; proxymetacaine is advised as an alternative.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
丁卡因（又稱阿美索卡因）是一種局部麻醉劑，主要用於眼表（角膜和結膜囊）的局部麻醉。
臨床提示： 由於其刺激性及點藥時的疼痛感高於丙美卡因 (proxymetacaine) 等替代藥物，在小動物臨床中較少使用。由於具有嚴重的角膜毒性，絕不能作為居家治療藥物開立。
作用機轉
Local anaesthetic action is dependent on the reversible blockade of the voltage-gated sodium channels → prevents the influx of sodium → inhibits the propagation of an action potential along the nerve fibre. Sensory nerve fibres are blocked before motor nerve fibres, allowing a selective sensory blockade at low doses.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Therapeutic use (repeated administration for pain relief)
- Application prior to a Schirmer tear test
不良反應
- Marked conjunctival irritation
- Chemosis
- Pain on application
- Corneal epithelial toxicity
- Delayed healing of corneal ulcers
注意事項
Diagnostic Interference: Topical anaesthetics block reflex tear production and should not be applied before a Schirmer tear test.
Corneal Toxicity: All topical anaesthetics are toxic to the corneal epithelium. Repeated administration can severely delay the healing of ulcers and lead to corneal melting.
監測
- Corneal integrity (fluorescein staining if corneal damage is suspected)
藥物動力學
吸收
Rapidly absorbed through the conjunctiva and cornea.
分佈
Local distribution to ocular tissues.
代謝
Hydrolyzed by plasma esterases.
排除
Metabolites excreted primarily via the kidneys.
過量
Overdosage in a clinical setting typically presents as local toxicity rather than systemic effects. Repeated administration leads to severe corneal epithelial toxicity, delayed healing of corneal ulcers, and potential corneal melting.
Do not use for therapeutic purposes.
可用產品
劑型
- Ophthalmic solution: 0.5% (single-use vials)
- Ophthalmic solution: 1% (single-use vials)
人用標示
- Minims Amethocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% eye drops
- Minims Amethocaine Hydrochloride 1% eye drops
各地核准狀態
Human approved products used off-label in veterinary medicine.
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
POM (Prescription Only Medicine)
暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store according to manufacturer instructions. Unlike proxymetacaine, refrigeration is not required for tetracaine.
飼主須知
丁卡因是獸醫在檢查寵物眼睛或進行小型手術時使用的速效麻醉滴眼液。
- 不可居家使用： 此藥物絕不會作為居家止痛藥開立。反覆使用會嚴重且不可逆地損傷眼球表面（角膜）並阻礙正常癒合。
- 滴入藥水後，您的寵物可能會短暫感到刺痛、瞇眼或眼睛發紅。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。