茶鹼

Theophylline

1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione

支氣管擴張劑 - 甲基黃嘌呤類PO狗貓

別名: Corvental-D · Theophyllinum · Anhydrous theophylline

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

20 mg/kg or 10-15 mg/kgPO· q24h or q12h· Continuous

體重— 🐕

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症	劑量	途徑	頻次	療程	地區
Bronchodilation	20 mg/kg or 10-15 mg/kg	PO	q24h or q12h	Continuous	🌍 EU

Bronchodilation: 20 mg/kg p.o. q24h or 10 mg/kg p.o. q12h which may be increased to 15 mg/kg p.o. q12h if no side effects on lower dose. Manufacturer only recommends q24h dosing. Some texts indicate q12h dosing of the sustained-release preparation is required to maintain therapeutic serum levels.

貓

適應症	劑量	途徑	頻次	療程	地區
Bronchodilation	15-19 mg/kg	PO	q24h	Continuous	🌍 EU

Bronchodilation: Sustained-release preparation.

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

茶鹼 (Theophylline) 是一種甲基黃嘌呤類支氣管擴張劑，主要用於治療犬貓的小氣道疾病。它能擴張支氣管、促進黏液纖毛清除、刺激呼吸中樞、增加對PaCO2的敏感性、增加膈肌收縮力、穩定肥大細胞，並具有輕微的正性肌力作用。它也作為解痙劑並具有輕微的利尿作用。

臨床警告： 茶鹼的治療指數低（治療血漿濃度為 5-20 µg/ml）。必須根據瘦體重 (lean body weight) 給藥以避免中毒。

作用機轉

Causes inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzymes and antagonism of adenosine and prostaglandin receptors → increased intracellular cAMP → smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. It also alters intracellular calcium and stimulates catecholamine release, providing mild inotropic and diuretic effects.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

Patients with a known history of arrhythmias
Patients with a known history of seizures

不良反應

Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Reduced appetite
Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Nausea
Twitching
Restlessness
Agitation
Excitement
Convulsions
Hyperaesthesia (cats)

注意事項

Administer with caution in patients with:

Severe cardiac disease
Gastric ulcers
Hyperthyroidism
Renal or hepatic disease
Severe hypoxia
Severe hypertension

Note: Most adverse effects are related to the serum level and may be symptomatic of toxic serum concentrations. The severity of these effects may be decreased by the use of modified-release preparations. They are more likely to be seen with more frequent administration.