泰妙素
Tiamulin
Tiamulin hydrogen fumarate
別名: Denagard · TiaGard · 81723-hfu · SQ-14055 · SQ-22947 · tiamulin fumarate
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swine dysentery | 7.7 mg/kg PO daily in drinking water | PO | q24h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Swine pneumonia | 23.1 mg/kg PO daily in drinking water | PO | q24h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Medicated premix | See the label for the product | PO | Continuous | Varies | 🌎 NA |
- Swine dysentery: See package directions for dilution instructions.
- Swine pneumonia: See package directions for dilution instructions.
- Medicated premix: Used for increased weight gain or disease control.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
泰妙素 (Tiamulin) 是一種半合成的雙萜類截短側耳素抗生素，主要用於豬隻醫療。它對黴漿菌屬 (Mycoplasma spp.)、螺旋體（如引起豬赤痢的豬痢疾螺旋體）以及多種革蘭氏陽性球菌（包括大多數葡萄球菌和鏈球菌，但不含 D 群）具有高度療效。
雖然它對大多數革蘭氏陰性菌的活性較差，但對胸膜肺炎放線桿菌 (Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae) 以及部分大腸桿菌和克雷伯氏菌株仍具療效。
臨床要點： 泰妙素獨特的雙萜結構使其較少與其他類別抗生素產生交叉抗藥性。然而，由於它與巨環類 (macrolides) 和林可胺類 (lincosamides) 共用核糖體結合位點，應避免同時使用以防產生競爭性拮抗作用。
作用機轉
Tiamulin acts by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyl transferase center → blocks the correct positioning of tRNA → inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.
It is generally bacteriostatic, but can become bactericidal at very high concentrations against highly susceptible organisms.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Concurrent access to feeds containing polyether ionophores (e.g., monensin, lasalocid, narasin, salinomycin)
- Swine weighing over 250 pounds
不良反應
- Skin redness/erythema (rare, primarily over the ham and underline)
注意事項
Fatal Interactions: Tiamulin must never be administered to animals having access to feeds containing polyether ionophores (e.g., monensin, lasalocid, narasin, or salinomycin) as severe adverse reactions may occur.
Weight Restrictions: Not approved for use in swine weighing over 250 pounds.
Withdrawal Times: Variable slaughter withdrawal times apply depending on the dosage and formulation used (ranges from 2 to 7 days).
藥物交互作用
Severe adverse reactions and potential toxicity can occur if administered to animals with access to these feed additives.
Concomitant use could lead to decreased efficacy secondary to competition at the 50S ribosomal binding site.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of respiratory or enteric signs)
- Feed and water intake
藥物動力學
吸收
Well absorbed orally by swine. Approximately 85% of a dose is absorbed and peak levels occur between 2-4 hours after a single oral dose.
分佈
Apparently well distributed, with highest levels found in the lungs.
代謝
Extensively metabolized to over 20 metabolites, some having antibacterial activity.
排除
Approximately 30% of these metabolites are excreted in the urine with the remainder excreted in the feces.
過量
Oral overdoses in pigs may cause transient salivation, vomiting, and CNS depression (calming effect).
Management: Discontinue the drug immediately and treat symptomatically and supportively if necessary. Provide clean, unmedicated drinking water.
可用產品
劑型
- Medicated Premix
- Oral Solution (Liquid Concentrate)
- Soluble Powder
獸醫用
- Tiamulin Medicated Premix: 10 grams/1 lb in 35 lb bags (Denagard 10)
- Tiamulin Solution: 12.3% tiamulin hydrogen fumarate in an aqueous base (Denagard Liquid Concentrate, TiaGard)
- Tiamulin Soluble Powder: 45% in 2.28 oz packets (Denagard Liquid Concentrate, TiaGard)
- Chlortetracycline/tiamulin premix
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Protect from moisture; store in a dry place. In unopened packets, the powder is stable up to 5 years. Fresh solutions should be prepared daily when using clinically.
飼主須知
- 每日配製： 每天應配製新鮮的含藥飲水，以確保藥物有效性。
- 操作安全： 處理濃縮液或粉劑時，避免直接接觸皮膚或黏膜，以免引起刺激。使用後請徹底洗手。
- 飼料警告： 在用藥期間，務必確保豬隻無法接觸到含有離子型抗球蟲藥（如莫能菌素 monensin 或沙利黴素 salinomycin）的飼料，因為此組合可能引起嚴重甚至致命的反應。
- 不良反應： 如果您發現豬隻出現異常的皮膚發紅（特別是在腹部或後腿肉部位），請立即停藥，提供乾淨的飲水，並聯繫您的獸醫師。
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