噻嗎洛爾
眼科β-受體阻斷劑（非選擇性）
噻嗎洛爾是一種局部非選擇性β-受體阻斷劑，主要用於**控制犬貓的青光眼**。可單獨使用或與其他局部青光眼藥物（如碳酸酐酶抑制劑）合併使用。 > **臨床警告：** 噻嗎洛爾會引起瞳孔縮小，因此可能不適用於葡萄膜炎、晶狀體前脫位或瞳孔阻滯的病患。局部給藥可能發生全身性吸收，進而影響心血管系統。
作用機制: Timolol acts as a **non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist**. It decreases aqueous humour production via **beta-adrenoreceptor blockade** in the ciliary body, which subsequently lowers intraocular pressure (IOP).
各物種劑量
Dogs
- Glaucoma · One drop per affected eye · topical · q8-12h · Can be used alone or in combination with dorzolamide/brinzolamide
Cats
- Glaucoma · One drop per affected eye · topical · q12h · Dorzolamide alone reaches maximal IOP lowering efficiency in cats
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
Topical
禁忌症
- Uncontrolled heart failure
- Asthma
- Uveitis
- Anterior lens luxation
- Pupil block
不良反應
- Miosis
- Conjunctival hyperaemia
- Local ocular irritation
- Bradycardia (systemic)
- Hypotension (systemic)
藥物相互作用
- Oral beta-blockers · Additive adverse effects (bradycardia, hypotension) · major
- Calcium antagonists · Prolonged AV conduction times · major
- Digoxin · Prolonged AV conduction times · major
監測
- Intraocular pressure (IOP)
- Heart rate and rhythm
- Blood pressure
過量
Overdosage via topical application is rare but may lead to exacerbated systemic effects such as **bradycardia**, **hypotension**, and **bronchospasm**. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Excess topical product should be flushed from the eye with sterile saline.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。