托曲珠利
Toltrazuril
1-methyl-3-[3-methyl-4-[4-(trifluoromethylthio)phenoxy]phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione
別名: Baycox · Bay-Vi-9142 · Procox · toltrazurilo · toltrazurilum
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
狗
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis (Cystoisosporosis) prevention | 10-20 mg/kg PO one time | PO | once | 1 dose | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis | 15 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 3-6 days | 🌎 NA |
| Isospora spp. infections | 10-30 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 1-3 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis | 20 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 3 days | 🌎 NA |
| Isospora spp. / Hepatozoon canis | 9-20 mg/kg | PO | once | Single dose; further treatment is only indicated if oocyst shedding persists | 🌍 EU |
- Coccidiosis (Cystoisosporosis) prevention: Administer to all puppies at 3-4 weeks of age to help prevent problems associated with intestinal coccidiosis.
- Isospora spp. / Hepatozoon canis: Standard dose is 9 mg/kg. Higher doses up to 20 mg/kg can be used if required.
貓
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enteroepithelial cycle of toxoplasmosis (oocyst shedding) | 5-10 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 2 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis | 30 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 2-3 days | 🌎 NA |
| Coccidiosis | 20 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 3 days | 🌎 NA |
| Isospora spp. | 9-20 mg/kg | PO | once | Single dose; further treatment is only indicated if oocyst shedding persists | 🌍 EU |
- Isospora spp.: Not authorized for use in cats but appears to be effective. Standard dose is 9 mg/kg. Higher doses up to 20 mg/kg can be used if required.
鳥
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coccidiosis in raptors | 7 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 2-3 days | 🌎 NA |
爬蟲類
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parasitism in Bearded Dragons | 5-15 mg/kg PO once daily | PO | q24h | 3 days | 🌎 NA |
羊
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ovine coccidiosis (Eimeria ovinoidalis) | 20 mg/kg PO once | PO | once | 1 dose | 🌎 NA |
- Ovine coccidiosis (Eimeria ovinoidalis): Controlled study comparing efficacy against diclazuril.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
托曲珠利 (Toltrazuril) 是一種三嗪酮類抗原蟲藥，主要在歐洲被核准用於治療家禽和豬的球蟲感染。在伴侶動物醫學中，常被標示外使用於治療多種原蟲感染。
主要用途：
- 犬貓的球蟲症
- 等孢球蟲 (Isospora) 或 肝簇蟲 (Hepatozoon) 感染
- 貓弓形蟲的卵囊排泄期
- 爬蟲類（如鬆獅蜥）的嚴重寄生蟲感染
臨床重點：
- 托曲珠利是泊那珠利 (ponazuril) 的母體化合物，後者在美國更為常用且易於取得。
- 雖然它能在患有美洲犬肝簇蟲症 (ACH) 的犬隻中引發極佳的初期臨床反應，但無法完全清除寄生蟲，且緩解通常是短暫的。
- 法規注意事項： 本藥在美國並無市售，必須為了人道使用而合法專案進口。
作用機轉
The exact mechanism of action is not completely understood, but as a triazinone derivative, it acts on all intracellular developmental stages of coccidia.
- Pathway: It appears to inhibit protozoal enzyme systems → disrupts the division of the nucleus and the activity of the mitochondria → impairs the respiratory metabolism of the parasite → protozoal death.
- It is rapidly metabolized in the liver to its active sulfone derivative, ponazuril.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Known hypersensitivity to toltrazuril or other triazinone antiprotozoals (e.g., ponazuril, diclazuril)
- Puppies or kittens < 2 weeks of age
- Animals weighing < 0.4 kg
不良反應
- Generally well tolerated in birds
- Potential gastrointestinal upset in mammals
- Blisters on nose and mouth (extrapolated from ponazuril use in horses)
- Rash or hives (extrapolated from ponazuril use in horses)
- Mild diarrhoea
- Vomiting
注意事項
Use with caution in pregnant or lactating animals, as no reproductive or nursing safety information is available; weigh potential risks versus benefits. The principle metabolite persists in the environment and can contaminate groundwater, though the risk is considered minimal when used in companion animals.
藥物交互作用
Frequently formulated together; no negative interactions known between the two, but refer to emodepside monograph for its specific interactions.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of clinical signs, negative fecal tests)
- Fecal flotation to monitor for resolution of oocyst shedding
- Resolution of clinical signs (e.g., diarrhea)
藥物動力學
半衰期
吸收
About 50% absorbed after oral consumption in poultry.
分佈
Highest concentrations are found in the liver.
代謝
Rapidly metabolized into the sulfone derivative (ponazuril).
排除
Excreted primarily in the feces, with a very long elimination half-life.
過量
Very limited information is available.
- Horses: Doses up to 10X were tolerated without significant adverse effects.
- Poultry: 5X overdoses have been tolerated without clinical signs. Decreased water intake has been observed if overdoses are greater than 5X.
可用產品
劑型
- 2.5% (25 mg/mL) oral solution
- 18 mg/ml oral suspension (formulated with emodepside)
獸醫用
- Baycox 2.5% Solution (25 mg/mL) (Available in Europe; None in the USA)
- Procox oral suspension (18 mg/ml toltrazuril + 0.9 mg/ml emodepside)
- Baycox (various concentrations for livestock, sometimes used off-label)
各地核准狀態
Approved as Procox (combination with emodepside) for dogs.
POM-V. Available on a named patient basis in the UK.
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store the 2.5% solution at temperatures at 25°C or below. Dilutions in drinking water more concentrated than 1:1000 (1 mL of the 2.5% solution to 1 liter of water) may precipitate. After dilution, the resulting solution is stable for 24 hours. Discard medicated drinking water not consumed after 24 hours.
飼主須知
安全警告：請避免直接接觸此藥物。處理 2.5% 溶液時，製造商建議戴上合成橡膠手套。使用後請徹底清洗接觸到藥物的皮膚。
- 請嚴格按照獸醫師的指示給藥。
- 若將藥物稀釋於飲水中，超過 24 小時未飲用完畢的藥水應丟棄。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。