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傳明酸

Tranexamic acid

trans-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid

抗纖維蛋白溶解劑 / 止血劑POIV

別名: Cyklokapron · TXA · Acidum tranexamicum

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

各物種劑量

此藥的劑量資料尚未收錄於 VetSheet 藥典，以下其他章節資料完整。開立處方前請參閱最新仿單。

概覽

傳明酸是一種合成的離胺酸類似物，作為​抗纖維蛋白溶解劑​用於控制出血。它對患有​高纖維蛋白溶解狀態​和某些形式的​凝血病​的病患特別有益。

​臨床提示：​ 在獸醫學中常用于創傷、手術出血（例如靈緹犬手術）以及與​廣東住血線蟲​（肺蟲）或免疫介導性血小板減少症（IMTP）相關的出血。

​警告：​ 腎功能不全或已有血栓栓塞疾病的病患應謹慎使用。

作用機轉

Tranexamic acid is a synthetic lysine analogue that reversibly binds to the lysine binding sites of plasminogen.

Plasminogen → (blocked by TXA) → Plasmin

This prevents the action of plasmin on fibrin, thereby delaying fibrin dissolution (fibrinolysis) and reducing bleeding. By stabilizing the clot, it helps maintain hemostasis in bleeding disorders.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
  • Thromboembolic disease
  • Severe renal impairment (without dose adjustment)

不良反應

  • Gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea)
  • Hypotension (if given rapidly IV)
  • Seizures (at high doses)
  • Retinal changes (rare, high doses)

注意事項

Administer IV injections slowly to prevent hypotension and vomiting. Dose reduction is required in patients with renal impairment as the drug is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine.

藥物交互作用

EstrogensModerate

Increased risk of thrombosis

Tissue plasminogen activators (e.g., alteplase)Major

Antagonizes fibrinolytic effects

監測

  • Clinical signs of bleeding
  • Coagulation profiles (PT, aPTT, TEG/ROTEM)
  • Renal function

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓Approximately 2 hours狗Approximately 2 hours

吸收

Rapidly absorbed after oral administration, though bioavailability is moderate (~30-50%).

分佈

Widely distributed throughout the body. Crosses the placenta and blood-brain barrier.

代謝

Minimal hepatic metabolism.

排除

Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine via glomerular filtration.

過量

Overdosage may result in severe gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhea), hypotension, and neurological signs including seizures (due to GABA-A receptor antagonism). Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.

可用產品

劑型

  • Injectable: 500 mg/5 ml solution for injection ampoules
  • Oral: 500 mg tablets

人用標示

  • Cyklokapron 500 mg/5 ml solution for injection
  • Cyklokapron 500 mg tablets

各地核准狀態

United States✓ 已核准處方藥FDA

Human approved products used off-label in veterinary medicine.

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at room temperature (15-30°C). Protect from light and freezing.

飼主須知

傳明酸被處方用於透過穩定血塊來​停止或預防過度出血​。

  • ​給藥方式：​ 可與食物一起或空腹給予。如果發生嘔吐，請嘗試與少量食物一起餵食。
  • ​副作用：​ 注意腸胃不適。

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