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托吡卡胺

Tropicamide

抗膽鹼藥 / 散瞳劑topical狗貓

別名: Mydriacyl

由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本

1 drop per eyetopical· repeat after 20-30 min if necessary

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

各物種劑量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

狗

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Mydriasis and cycloplegia for intraocular examination1 drop per eyetopicalrepeat after 20-30 min if necessary—🌍 EU
  • Mydriasis and cycloplegia for intraocular examination: Duration of action is 2-12 hours.

貓

適應症劑量途徑頻次療程地區
Mydriasis and cycloplegia for intraocular examination1 drop per eyetopicalrepeat after 20-30 min if necessary—🌍 EU
  • Mydriasis and cycloplegia for intraocular examination: Duration of action is 4-9 hours. May cause salivation.

劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。

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概覽

托吡卡胺是一種合成的短效抗膽鹼藥物，主要用於散瞳和睫狀肌麻痺。由於其起效快（20-30分鐘）且作用時間短，是眼內檢查的首選散瞳劑。

​臨床提示：​ 其散瞳效果優於睫狀肌麻痺效果，因此在緩解葡萄膜炎引起的睫狀肌痙攣方面不如阿托品有效。

作用機轉

Tropicamide acts as a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors.

Acetylcholine inhibition at the iris sphincter muscle → relaxation of the sphincter → mydriasis (pupil dilation). Acetylcholine inhibition at the ciliary body muscles → paralysis of accommodation → cycloplegia.

安全性與警告

禁忌症

  • Glaucoma (may increase intraocular pressure)

不良反應

  • Salivation (particularly in cats, though less marked than with atropine)
  • Transient stinging upon application
  • Photophobia (due to pupil dilation)

注意事項

​Warning:​ Use with extreme care in patients with lens luxation.

Normal safety and handling precautions should be observed. Avoid contamination of the dropper tip.

監測

  • Intraocular pressure (IOP)
  • Pupillary light reflex
  • Resolution of mydriasis

藥物動力學

半衰期

貓Duration of effect: 4-9 hours狗Duration of effect: 2-12 hours

吸收

Rapid onset of action following topical application (20-30 minutes).

分佈

Local distribution within the anterior segment of the eye.

代謝

Systemic absorption is minimal; locally metabolized by tissue esterases.

排除

Cleared locally and via systemic circulation if absorbed.

過量

Systemic toxicity is rare with standard topical ophthalmic use. However, excessive administration or ingestion could theoretically lead to systemic anticholinergic signs such as tachycardia, dry mucous membranes, ileus, and urinary retention. Treatment is generally supportive.

可用產品

劑型

  • Ophthalmic solution: 0.5%
  • Ophthalmic solution: 1%

人用標示

  • Mydriacyl 0.5% ophthalmic solution
  • Mydriacyl 1% ophthalmic solution
  • Tropicamide 0.5% ophthalmic solution
  • Tropicamide 1% ophthalmic solution

各地核准狀態

United States✓ 已核准處方藥FDA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Human approved products used off-label in veterinary medicine.

European Union✓ 已核准處方藥EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

United Kingdom✓ 已核准處方藥VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian)

暫無法規資料: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

儲存與穩定性

Store at room temperature. Protect from light. Single-use vials should be discarded immediately after use.

飼主須知

請嚴格按照獸醫師的指示點眼藥水。

  • 您的寵物瞳孔會放大，對強光會變得非常敏感。在瞳孔恢復正常大小之前，請避免讓牠們暴露在陽光直射下。
  • ​貓咪​在使用後可能會流口水或口吐白沫，這是因為藥水流到喉嚨後部產生苦味所引起的正常反應，通常會很快消失。
  • 請勿讓滴管尖端接觸到眼睛或任何其他表面，以防止污染。

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