泰拉黴素
Tulathromycin
Triamilide macrolide
別名: Draxxin · Tulathromycine · Tulathromycinum · CP-472295 · CP-547272
由 VetSheet 獸醫團隊審訂更新於 2026年4月5日本內容以實證獸醫文獻為本
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
各物種劑量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
馬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhodococcus equi infections in foals | 2.5 mg/kg | IM | every 5-7 days | — | 🌎 NA |
- Rhodococcus equi infections in foals: Anecdotally used successfully in milder clinical cases.
牛
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), bovine foot rot, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) | 2.5 mg/kg (1.1 mL/100 lb) BW | SC | single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
- Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), bovine foot rot, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK): Inject subcutaneously in the neck. Do not inject more than 10 mL per injection site.
豬
| 適應症 | 劑量 | 途徑 | 頻次 | 療程 | 地區 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swine respiratory disease (SRD) | 2.5 mg/kg (0.25 mL/22 lb) BW | IM | single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
- Swine respiratory disease (SRD): Inject intramuscularly in the neck. Do not inject more than 2.5 mL per injection site.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新仿單及個別病患確認。
概覽
泰拉黴素 (Tulathromycin) 是一種半合成、長效型的三胺基巨環類抗生素。主要應用於大型動物（牛和豬）的醫學中，用於治療呼吸道疾病、牛腐蹄病及傳染性牛角結膜炎（粉紅眼）。
- 獨特結構：含有三個胺基（三元鹼），使其比傳統巨環類藥物更能有效穿透革蘭氏陰性病原體。
- 標靶遞送：大量積聚於宿主的吞噬細胞（巨噬細胞和嗜中性球）中，將高濃度的藥物直接遞送至受感染的肺部組織。
- 便利性：由於其在組織中的半衰期極長（在牛肺中可達 8.75 天），因此設計為單劑量給藥。
臨床要點：雖然主要核准用於經濟動物，但偶爾也會標示外使用於治療馬駒的馬紅球菌 (Rhodococcus equi) 感染，以及小型反芻動物的易感呼吸道病原體感染。
作用機轉
Tulathromycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria → blocks transpeptidation and translocation processes → inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis.
- Generally considered bacteriostatic, but exhibits bactericidal activity against key respiratory pathogens like Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida.
- Its low affinity for bacterial efflux pumps allows it to remain and accumulate within the bacteria.
- Concentrates in host phagocytic cells (macrophages) → migrates to sites of inflammation → releases active drug directly at the infection site, providing targeted therapy.
安全性與警告
禁忌症
- Prior hypersensitivity to tulathromycin or other macrolides
- Female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older
- Calves to be processed for veal
- Pre-ruminating calves (withdrawal period not established)
不良反應
- Transient hypersalivation
- Transient dyspnea (rare)
- Injection site reactions (swelling, pain, discoloration, trim loss at slaughter)
- Anorexia
- Restlessness and excessive vocalization (swine)
注意事項
Withdrawal Times
- Cattle: Must not be slaughtered within 18 days from the last treatment.
- Swine: Must not be slaughtered within 5 days from the last treatment.
Administration Warnings
- Cattle: Administer SC in the neck. Do not inject more than 10 mL per injection site.
- Swine: Administer IM in the neck. Do not inject more than 2.5 mL per injection site.
- Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection can cause a transient local tissue reaction that may result in trim loss at slaughter.
- Reproductive safety in pregnant or lactating animals has not been determined.
監測
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of respiratory signs, lameness, or ocular lesions)
- Injection site for severe reactions
藥物動力學
吸收
Rapidly and nearly completely absorbed. Bioavailability >90% in cattle (SC) and 88% in swine (IM). Peak plasma concentrations occur within 15 minutes.
分佈
Very large volume of distribution (11 L/kg in cattle; 13-15 L/kg in swine). Rapidly distributes into body tissues and accumulates heavily in lung tissue.
代謝
Eliminated from the body primarily unchanged.
排除
Cattle: Primarily via biliary excretion. Swine: Primarily via feces and urine. Lung tissue half-life is extremely long (8.75 days in cattle; 5.9 days in swine).
過量
Cattle
Single subcutaneous doses of up to 25 mg/kg caused transient indications of pain at the injection site, including head shaking and pawing at the ground. Injection site swelling, discoloration of subcutaneous tissues, and corresponding histopathologic changes were observed.
Swine
Single IM doses of up to 25 mg/kg caused transient indications of pain at the injection site, restlessness, and excessive vocalization. Brief tremors occurred in one animal receiving 7.5 mg/kg.
Treatment
No systemic treatment for single overdoses should be necessary. Localized treatment at the injection site (e.g., ice pack) to reduce swelling and pain, as well as FDA-approved analgesic medications, can be considered.
可用產品
劑型
- Injectable solution (100 mg/mL)
獸醫用
- Tulathromycin Injection 100 mg/mL in 50, 100, 250, & 500 mL vials (Draxxin)
各地核准狀態
暫無法規資料: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
儲存與穩定性
Store at or below 25°C (77°F). The product is stable at room temperature for up to 36 months.
飼主須知
泰拉黴素 是一種長效抗生素，主要用於治療家畜的呼吸道感染。
- 單次治療：由於其在肺部的藥效持久，通常只需注射一次。
- 注射部位反應：注射部位出現輕微腫脹或疼痛是常見的，通常會自行消退。
- 嚴格的停藥期：屠宰前必須嚴格遵守肉品停藥期（牛 18 天，豬 5 天），以防止食物供應中出現藥物殘留。
重要提示：請勿將此藥物用於 20 個月齡或以上的泌乳乳牛，或預定作為小牛肉加工的犢牛。
VetSheet 藥物參考供合格獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用，不能取代專業判斷或廠商最新仿單。