熊去氧膽酸
熊去氧膽酸是一種天然的親水性膽汁酸，主要作為犬貓肝膽疾病的輔助治療。它具有保護肝臟、促進膽汁分泌及免疫調節的特性，能減少有毒膽汁酸對肝細胞的破壞，並有助於溶解膽固醇結石。
作用機制: Ursodiol exerts its effects through multiple hepatoprotective and choleretic pathways: * **Cholesterol Reduction:** Suppresses hepatic synthesis and secretion of cholesterol and decreases intestinal absorption of cholesterol. * **Gallstone Solubilization:** By reducing cholesterol saturation in the bile, it allows the solubilization of cholesterol-containing gallstones. * **Choleretic Effect:** Increases bile flow, which helps flush toxic bile acids from the liver. * **Cytoprotection:** Reduces the hepatocyte toxic effects of endogenous hydrophobic bile salts (e.g., lithocholate, deoxycholate) by decreasing their detergent action on cell membranes, thereby protecting hepatic cells from apoptosis and necrosis.
各物種劑量
- Cholestatic liver disease, cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and copper-associated hepatopathy · 10-15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · Safe and potentially beneficial.
- Chronic active hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis · 11-15.4 mg/kg PO either once daily or divided twice daily · PO · q12h-q24h · May use as primary or adjunctive therapy. Cats usually get 1/6th of a capsule mixed with a small amount of food. Cats may still eat their food even if drug is sprinkled on top.
- Adjunctive treatment of chronic hepatitis · 10 mg/kg/day PO · PO · q24h
- Adjunctive treatment of liver disease · 10-15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h
- Adjunctive treatment of chronic hepatitis · 5-15 mg/kg PO divided q12h · PO · q12h · With immunosuppressive therapy. Note: Use of this drug at this dose is preliminary, but promising.
- Cholestatic liver disease, cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and copper-associated hepatopathy · 10-15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · Safe and potentially beneficial.
- Chronic active hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis · 11-15.4 mg/kg PO either once daily or divided twice daily · PO · q12h-q24h · May use as primary or adjunctive therapy.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Rabbits and other hindgut fermenters (converted to toxic lithocholic acid)
- Biliary obstruction
- Biliary fistulas
- Cholecystitis
- Pancreatitis
- Cholangitis (if complete obstruction is present)
不良反應
- Diarrhea
- Gastrointestinal upset (rare)
藥物相互作用
- Aluminum-containing antacids · May bind to ursodiol, thereby reducing its efficacy
- Cholestyramine resin · May bind to ursodiol, thereby reducing its efficacy
- Taurine · Theoretical concern that chronic administration in cats may lead to taurine deficiency
監測
- Efficacy via ultrasonography for gallstones
- Improved liver function tests for chronic hepatic disease
- SGPT/SGOT (AST/ALT) on a routine basis
過量
Overdosage of ursodiol would most likely cause **diarrhea**. **Treatment:** * Supportive therapy. * Oral administration of an aluminum-containing antacid (e.g., aluminum hydroxide suspension) to bind the drug. * Gastric emptying (if large overdose occurred recently) with concurrent administration of activated charcoal or cholestyramine suspension.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。