維生素E / 硒
維生素E和硒經常一起使用，因為它們具有協同的抗氧化特性，儘管維生素E也廣泛作為獨立的補充劑使用。 - **維生素E（α-生育酚）** 是一種脂溶性維生素，對於保護細胞膜免受氧化損傷至關重要。它被輔助用於各種皮膚病（盤狀紅斑狼瘡、毛囊蟲症）、肝臟和神經系統疾病。 - **硒** 是一種微量礦物質，作為抗氧化酶的關鍵輔因子。複方產品主要用於治療或預防**硒-生育酚缺乏症 (STD)**，例如家畜的白肌病。 > **臨床提示：** 雖然維生素E的安全範圍很廣，但**過量攝入硒具有高度毒性**。複方產品必須根據硒的濃度仔細計算劑量，並且只能用於FDA批准的物種。
作用機制: Both Vitamin E and Selenium are intricately involved in the cellular metabolism of sulfur and the prevention of oxidative stress. - **Vitamin E** acts as a potent biological free radical scavenger. It prevents the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids within cellular and subcellular membranes. - **Selenium** is an essential structural component of the enzyme **glutathione peroxidase** → this enzyme catalyzes the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols, neutralizing their potential to cause cellular damage. Together, they protect against red blood cell hemolysis and prevent the destructive action of peroxidase on unsaturated bonds in cell membranes.
各物種劑量
- Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency (using Bo-Se) · Lambs (2 weeks of age or older): 1 mL per 40 lbs. body weight IM or SC (1 mL minimum). Ewes: 2.5 mL/100 lbs. body weight IM or SC. · IM/SC · Single dose · Slaughter withdrawal = 14 days.
- Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency (using L-Se) · Lambs: 1 mL SC or IM in newborns and 4 mL SC or IM in lambs 2 weeks of age or older · SC/IM · Single dose · Slaughter withdrawal = 14 days.
- Treatment of tocopherol deficiency associated with exocrine pancreatic disease · 30 Units PO once daily for one month then every 1-2 weeks as needed · PO · q24h · 1 month, then q1-2 weeks
- Adjunctive treatment of hepatic lipidosis · 10 Units/kg once PO once daily · PO · q24h
- Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency (using Mu-Se) · For weanling calves: 1 mL per 200 lbs. body weight IM or SC. For breeding beef cows: 1 mL per 200 lbs. body weight during middle third of pregnancy and 30 days before calving IM or SC. · IM/SC · Variable · Slaughter withdrawal = 30 days.
- Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency (using Bo-Se) · Calves: 2.5-3.75 mL/100 lbs body weight (depending on severity of condition and geographical area) IM or SC. · IM/SC · Single dose · Slaughter withdrawal = 30 days.
- Adjunctive treatment of ionophore (monensin) toxicity · 4-12 Units/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Use of combination products in non-FDA approved species
- Use of Bo-Se in newborn pigs
不良反應
- Anaphylactoid reactions
- Transient muscle soreness at injection sites (IM)
- Selenium toxicity (depression, ataxia, dyspnea, blindness, diarrhea, muscle weakness, garlic breath)
藥物相互作用
- Iron · Large doses of vitamin E may delay the hematologic response to iron therapy in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
- Mineral oil · May reduce the absorption of orally administered vitamin E.
- Vitamin A · Absorption, utilization, and storage may be enhanced by vitamin E.
- Warfarin · Vitamin E may increase the effects of warfarin.
監測
- Clinical efficacy
- Blood selenium levels (when using combination products)
- Glutathione peroxidase activity (optional)
過量
Selenium is quite toxic in overdose quantities, but has a fairly wide safety margin. Cattle have tolerated chronic doses of 0.6 mg/kg/day with no adverse effects (approximate therapeutic dose is 0.06 mg/kg). **Clinical signs of selenium toxicity include:** - Depression, ataxia, dyspnea, blindness, diarrhea, muscle weakness - A distinct **'garlic' odor** on the breath - **Horses:** May become blind, paralyzed, slough their hooves, and lose hair from the tail and mane. - **Dogs:** May exhibit anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea at high dosages. Large overdoses of **vitamin E** alone can cause coagulopathies.
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